The aim of this work was to study demography, clinical profile, laboratory diagnosis, and management of Pythium keratitis at a tertiary eye care center in Eastern India.

Eighteen patients with culture-positive Pythium keratitis managed at our center between January 2016 and December 2018 were included in this retrospective study. Clinical features, laboratory investigations, treatment, and outcomes were analysed.

Pythium keratitis commonly affects middle-aged males with low socioeconomic profile and history of trauma. Samples stained with Gomori methenamine silver showed 93.8% positivity and Iodine-potassium iodide-sulfuric acid showed 100% positivity. Periodic acid-Schiff’s showed negative staining in 62.5% and weak in 37.5%. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method showed zone of inhibition as 30.25 ± 4.61 mm for Linezolid and 23.56 ± 6.86 mm for Azithromycin. Medical management included topical/oral linezolid and azithromycin. Therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (TPK) was done in 15 eyes (83.3%), repeat TPs like linezolid and azithromycin results in a better prognosis. Early full-thickness corneal transplant should be considered for Pythium keratitis not responding to treatment.

To characterize the sequelae of microsporidia keratoconjunctivitis (MKC) and outline its management.

Retrospective analysis of microbiologically proven MKC returned with persistent disease between January 2015 and December 2019 was done. Demographics, clinical features, management, and outcome were analyzed.

Sixteen patients (21 eyes) of 332 treated for MKC returned with the persisting disease. The mean age of 11 males (68.7%), and 5 females was 35.1 ± 12.2 years. Three-quarter of them did not have a known predisposing risk factor and one-quarter of them were referred for chronic conjunctivitis. Past medications included topical antivirals (n = 8) and topical corticosteroid (n = 6). Three predominant presentations were persistent (>3 weeks) superficial punctate keratitis (SPKs, n = 7), sub-epithelial infiltrates (SEIs, n = 13), and uveitis (n = 2). The lesions recurred in eight eyes (SPK and SEI 4 each) after a disease-free interval of 60.4 ± 40.6 days; there were 13 episodes of recurrence. Topical low potent corticosteroids (loteprednol/fluorometholone), and tacrolimus ointment 0.03% were used in 17 (80.9%) and 8 (38%) eyes, respectively, for a mean duration of 44.8 ± 31.6 and 226.8 ± 180.5 days, respectively. At follow-up, 172.3 ± 183.6 days, visual recovery was statistically significant in persistent eyes (BCVA 0.07 ± 0.07 logMAR; P < 0.00001) but, not in recurrent eyes (BCVA 0.16 ± 0.08 logMAR; P = 0.07). Five of 21 eyes were left with residual significant scar.

The sequelae of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis are not uncommon. Topical 0.03% tacrolimus ointment appeared to be an effective corticosteroid-sparing agent for the treatment of SEIs and prevention of recurrence.

The sequelae of microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis are not uncommon. Topical 0.03% tacrolimus ointment appeared to be an effective corticosteroid-sparing agent for the treatment of SEIs and prevention of recurrence.

The aim of this study was to test a method for estimating corneal rigidity before and after cross-linking (CXL) using a Schiøtz tonometer.

The study was performed in the Kyiv City Clinical Ophthalmological Hospital “Eye Microsurgical Center”, Ukraine. This was a prospective, consecutive, randomized, masked, case-by-case, clinical study. Corneal rigidity, indicated by the gradient (G) between lg applied weight and corresponding lg scale reading during Schiøtz tonometry, were obtained by increasing (A-mode) then reducing (D-mode) weights by two operators [A] in keratoconus, post-CXL and control subjects for estimation of (i) interoperator and (ii) intersessional errors, (iii) intergroup differences; [B] before and after CXL. Central corneal thickness CCT was measured by scanning slit pachymetry. ANOVA, t tests, linear regression were the statistical tools used.

Average interoperator difference (ΔG) was -0.120 (SD = ±0.294, 95%CI = -0.175 to -0.066). A significant correlation between ΔG and the mean of eaced to CCT, can vary from time-to-time and the procedure is operator dependent.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in corneal topography, cycloplegic refraction, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after ptosis correction surgery in patients with congenital ptosis.

Our study represents a prospective observational study conducted on 27 eyes of 21 patients with congenital ptosis. CCT128930 All patients underwent complete ophthalmological evaluation, cycloplegic refraction, and baseline Orbscan prior to ptosis surgery. At 6 months postoperative review, the cycloplegic refraction and Orbscan were repeated to evaluate the changes in these parameters. The main outcome measures in our study were Steepest K, Inferior-Superior Asymmetry (I-S Asymmetry), cycloplegic refraction and BCVA.

A significant decrease in Steepest K postoperatively (P < 0.001) was noted. Superior K and Inferior K also decreased, but the decrease in Inferior K was statistically significant (P = 0.044). However, change in I-S Asymmetry was not significant. Variation in BCVA, and cycloplegic sphere and cylinder was minimal. Sim K astigmatism, Surface Regularity Index, I-S Asymmetry and Central Corneal Thickness did not show significant variation.

Ptotic eyelid constantly presses on the cornea causing significant changes in corneal contour and surface remodeling. This pressure when relieved, results in significant flattening and regression of anterior corneal surface to its near normal anatomy. This further resulted in improvement of corneal surface irregularity and symmetry.

Ptotic eyelid constantly presses on the cornea causing significant changes in corneal contour and surface remodeling. This pressure when relieved, results in significant flattening and regression of anterior corneal surface to its near normal anatomy. This further resulted in improvement of corneal surface irregularity and symmetry.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological properties of corneal endothelial cells and central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and to compare them with age-matched healthy controls.

Nineteen NF1 patients and 38 healthy individuals were recruited. All participants underwent complete ophthalmological examination as well as noncontact specular microscopy to measure endothelial cell density (ECD), average cell area (AVG), coefficient of variation of cell area (CV), the percentage of hexagonal cells, and CCT. Eyes with previous ocular trauma, inflammation or surgery, and preexisting corneal and ocular surface diseases were excluded.

NF1 patients had higher ECD compared to healthy controls of the same age (2764.2 ± 270.4 versus 2570.4 ± 449.2 cells/mm, respectively), although at a borderline level (P = 0.051). Patients with NF1 presented significantly lower CV and AVG when compared to controls (32.9 ± 4.6 versus 37.8 ± 9.5%, P = 0.011 and 364.9 ± 34.4 versus 406.