These recommendations may also be applied to the discovery of more recent military remains, e.g. soldiers who died during the Second World War, where evidence of war crimes may be present.Patients with celiac disease continue to be exposed to gluten despite efforts to maintain a gluten-free diet (GFD). Gluten exposure in those with celiac disease leads to pathological changes in the small intestine that may or may not be associated with gastrointestinal distress. While several studies have investigated a GFD, little is known about sources of gluten contamination that prevent proper maintenance of such a diet by celiac patients. In this study, we investigate common food practices that could lead to gluten cross-contact. Three different practices were examined for gluten cross-contact gluten-free foods fried in a fryer also used for gluten containing foods, gluten-free bread toasted in a toaster also used for gluten-containing bread, and popular sandwich spreads applied with a knife used on gluten-containing bread (mayonnaise, jam, and peanut butter). We used the ALLER-TEK™ Gluten ELISA test kit and the sandwich ELISA RIDASCREEN Gliadin test kit, which is endorsed for determination of gluten content and used for the evaluation of food cross-contact. Using both kits gave the advantage of using the 401.2 antibody as well as the better established R5 antibody, providing increased confidence in our results. We found these practices resulted in small amounts of gluten cross-contact, although the majority of the results (93.6%) showed no significant cross-contact. Mayonnaise and peanut butter samples were contaminated with gluten above the limit designated by the FDA as gluten-free less then 20 kg/mg (ppm).

The Body Composition Monitor (BCM), a multifrequency bioimpedance spectroscopy device, has been widely used to assess body composition in hemodialysis patients because its measurement is not affected by overhydration commonly seen in chronic kidney disease. We aimed to develop and validate an equation for obtaining appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) from BCM taking dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the reference among hemodialysis patients.

A total of 322 consecutive body composition measurements with BCM and DXA in 263 hemodialysis patients were randomly divided at a ratio of 21 into development and validation groups. Stepwise multiple regression modeling was applied to develop the ASM prediction equation. We evaluated the model as a diagnostic tool for sarcopenia using cutoffs of ASM defined by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS). We further explored the association between ASM predicted by the BCM equation and all-cause mortality in two independent cohorts one with 326 stage 3-5 CKD patients and one with 629 hemodialysis patients.

BCM yielded the following equation ASM (kg) = -1.838 + 0.395 × total body water (L) + 0.105 × body weight (kg) + 1.231 × male sex – 0.026×age (years) (R

=0.914, standard error of estimate=1.35kg). In the validation group, Bland-Altman reliability analysis showed no significant bias of 0.098kg and limits of agreement ±2.440kg. Using the AWGS criteria, the model was found to have a sensitivity of 94.1%, a specificity of 98.8%, a positive predictive value of 84.2%, and a negative predictive value of 99.6% for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Low ASM predicted by the BCM equation was associated with significantly worse overall survival among CKD patients but not hemodialysis patients.

The new BCM equation provides a feasible and valid option for assessing ASM in hemodialysis patients.

The new BCM equation provides a feasible and valid option for assessing ASM in hemodialysis patients.

In contrast to many observational studies, large-scale randomized trials do not support the protective role of vitamin D for the prevention of colorectal neoplasia. However, in previous studies, individuals with blunted parathyroid hormone (PTH) response to vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (BPRVID), were not differentiated from those with high PTH response to vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (HPRVID). Individuals with BPRVID are responsive to magnesium treatment, particularly treatment of magnesium plus vitamin D while those with HPRVID are responsive to vitamin D treatment. We prospectively compared these two distinct groups (i.e. BPRVID and HPRVID) for risk of incident adenoma, metachronous adenoma, and incident colorectal cancer (CRC) METHODS Three nested case-control studies in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer (PLCO) Screening Trial.

We found optimal 25(OH)D levels were associated with a significantly reduced risk of CRC, primarily among women. Lipopolysaccharides TLR activator The associations between 25(OH)D and CRC risk significantly differed by PTH levels, particularly among women. Compared to individuals with optimal levels for both 25(OH)D and PTH, all others were at an elevated risk of incident CRC, primarily in women. We found those with BPRVID had 2.56-fold significantly increased risk of CRC compared to 1.65-fold non-significantly increased risk for those with HPRVID. Among women, we observed those with BPRVID had 4.79-6.25-fold significantly increased risks of incident CRC and adenoma whereas those with HPRVID had 3.65-fold significantly increased risk of CRC.

Individuals with BPRVID are at higher risks of incident adenoma and CRC compared to those with HPRVID, particularly among women.

Individuals with BPRVID are at higher risks of incident adenoma and CRC compared to those with HPRVID, particularly among women.

Emerging evidence supports shifting the focus from carbohydrate quantity to carbohydrate quality to obtain greater health benefits. We investigated the association of carbohydrate quality with all-cause mortality using a single, multidimensional carbohydrate quality index (CQI) designed to account for multiple characteristics of carbohydrate quality.

A prospective study was conducted among 19,083 participants in the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project, a Mediterranean cohort of middle-aged university graduates. The CQI was based on four dimensions high total dietary fiber intake, low glycemic index, high whole-grain carbohydrate total grain carbohydrate ratio, and high solid carbohydrate total carbohydrate ratio.

During 12.2 years of median follow-up, 440 deaths were identified. We found an inverse association between the CQI and all-cause mortality. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for the highest vs. the lowest tertile of the CQI was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.53-0.93; P

=0.018). However, each individual dimension of the CQI was not independently associated with lower mortality risk, with HR (95% CI) between extreme tertiles as follows 0.