Objective Prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) are risk factors for increased morbidity and mortality in infants with congenital heart defects (CHDs). We sought to describe survival, inhospital morbidities, and 2-year neurodevelopmental follow-up in LBW infants with CHD. Study design We included infants with birth weight (BW) less then 2,500 g diagnosed with CHD (except isolated patent ductus arteriosus) admitted January 2013 to March 2016 to a single level-IV academic neonatal intensive care unit. We reported CHD prevalence by BW and gestational age; selected in-hospital morbidities and mortality by infant BW, CHD type, and surgical intervention; and developmental outcomes by Bayley’s scales of infant and toddler development, third edition (BSID-III) scores at age 2 years. Results Among 420 infants with CHD, 28 (7%) underwent cardiac surgery. Median (25th and 75th percentiles) gestational age was 30 (range 27-33) weeks and BW was 1,258 (range 870-1,853) g. There were 134 of 420 (32%) extremely LBW ( less urvival was higher than previously reported.. · There were fewer morbidities than previously reported.. · Bayley’s scale-III scores at 2 years of age were less then 85 for nearly half..Objective Postpartum hypertension is a leading cause of readmission in the postpartum period. We aimed to examine the prevalence of racial/ethnic differences in postpartum readmission due to hypertension in women with antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension. Study design This was a multi-institutional retrospective cohort study of all women with antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension diagnosed prior to initial discharge from January 2009 to December 2016. Antepartum pregnancy-associated hypertension, such as gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (with or without severe features), hemolysis, elevated liver enzyme, low platelet (HELLP) syndrome, and eclampsia was diagnosed based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Task Force definitions. Women with chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia were excluded. Our primary outcome was postpartum readmission defined as a readmission due to severe hypertension within 6 weeks of postpartum. Risk factors including maternal age, gest-Hispanic white women.Objective Despite its increasing use in neonates, the literature on the use of vasopressin (VP) in neonates is limited. The aim of this study is to evaluate the systemic and pulmonary effects of VP in neonates and to assess its safety among them. Study design This retrospective study enrolled all neonates in two level III neonatal intensive care units in Winnipeg, Manitoba, who had received VP therapy between 2011 and 2016. Infants with congenital malformations/chromosomal disorders were excluded. The changes in cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters were collected from patient charts. The primary outcome was the mean blood pressure (MBP) post-VP initiation. Secondary outcomes included systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), vasoactive inotropic score (VIS), pH, urine output, lactate, base deficit (BD), mean airway pressure (MAP), and oxygen requirement. Results A total of 33 episodes from 26 neonates were analyzed. The postnatal age at VP initiation was 14 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4-25), and the median starting dose was 0.3 mU/kg/min (IQR 0.2-0.5). MBP improved significantly after VP initiation from 28 to 39 mm Hg 24 hours after VP initiation (p less then 0.001). Similar changes are observed with SBP and DBP. VIS declined from 15 to 6 at 24 hours, while pH, lactate, BD, and oxygen requirement improved significantly. While urine output marginally improved, there were no changes to MAP 24 hours post-VP initiation. Hyponatremia was observed in 21 episodes (64%) and severe hyponatremia in 7 episodes (33%). Conclusion VP appears to be a promising rescue therapy in catecholamine resistant shock or refractory pulmonary hypertension in neonates.Objective This study was aimed to determine if confirmation bias affects diagnoses in obstetrics, specifically estimation of blood loss and amniotic fluid volume. Study design We performed a randomized simulation-based trial. Participants went through the following three consecutive scenarios (1) the first involved estimating the volume of blood (actually a blood-like substance) in a container at the simulation model’s perineum. The actual volume was either 500 or 1,500 mL. Participants were told it was blood seen after a vaginal delivery. Noradrenaline bitartrate monohydrate mw One group was told that the “patient” was normotensive, the other was told that the “patient” was hypotensive. (2) The second scenario involved estimation of amniotic fluid from an ultrasound picture of four quadrants, with one group told that the patient was normotensive and the other group told that the patient had chronic hypertension. (3) The third scenario was a “negative image” of the first (i.e., if they had been randomized to the 500 mL/normotensive in scenario one, then they would be presented with the 1,500 mL/hypotensive). They also filled a survey including demographics and tolerance of ambiguity and confirmation bias scales. Results From April 2018 through May 2018, a convenience sample of 85 providers was recruited. Participants were more likely to overestimate blood loss when they were told that the patient was hypotensive (p = 0.024), in comparison to when they were told the patient had normal blood pressure. They were also less likely to estimate the amniotic fluid as normal when they were told that the patient was hypertensive (p = 0.032). Conclusion Confirmation bias affects estimates of blood loss and amniotic fluid.The ligand-activated farnesoid X receptor is an emerging therapeutic target for the development of drugs against metabolic syndrome-related diseases. In this context, selective bile acid receptor modulators represent a novel concept for drug development. Selective bile acid receptor modulators act in a target gene- or tissue-specific way and are therefore considered less likely to elicit unwanted side effects. Based on leoligin, a lignan-type secondary plant metabolite from the alpine plant Leontopodium nivale ssp. alpinum, 168 synthesized structural analogs were screened in a farnesoid X receptor in silico pharmacophore-model. Fifty-six virtual hits were generated. These hits were tested in a cell-based farnesoid X receptor transactivation assay and yielded 7 farnesoid X receptor-activating compounds. The most active one being LT-141A, with an EC50 of 6 µM and an Emax of 4.1-fold. This analog did not activate the G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, TGR5, and the metabolic nuclear receptors retinoid X receptor α, liver X receptors α/β, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors β/γ.