9 μg/L. Such a superior detection capability originates from the highly selective and strong interaction between ReO4-/TcO4- and Ir(ppy)2(bpy)+, leading to an efficient pre-enrichment of ReO4-/TcO4- during analysis and subsequently a much weaker nonradiative decay of the luminescence of Ir(ppy)2(bpy)+, as illustrated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation as well as quantum yield and fluorescence lifetime measurements. Successful quantification of trace ReO4- in simulated Hanford low-activity waste (LAW) solution containing large excess of Cl-, NO3-, and NO2- was demonstrated, highlighting the bright future of luminescent PAFs in the area of chemical sensing.Flexible pressure sensing is required for the excellent sensing performance and dexterous manipulation of the measured objects in their potential applications. Particularly, the ability to measure and discriminate the direction of force, contact surface, and contact location in real time is crucial for robotics with tactile feedback. Herein, a three-dimensional elastic porous carbon nanotube (CNT) sponge is synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, which is successfully applied in the piezoresistive sensor. In situ scanning electron microscopy study intuitively illustrates the characteristics that the microfibers of the CNT sponge distort and contact with each other under an external force. As a result, new conductive paths are created at the contact points between the CNT microfibers, which provides a basic sensing principle for a piezoresistive sensor. The CNT sponge-based sensor has an ultrahigh sensitivity in a wide pressure range (0-4 kPa for 4015.8 kPa-1), a rapid response time of 120 ms, and excellent durability over 5000 cycles. Moreover, a finlike flexible double-sided electronic skin (e-skin) is fabricated by a simple method to achieve force direction detection, which has potential applications in intelligent wearable devices and human-machine interaction.Unmethylated cytosine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) oligodeoxynucleotides are immunostimulatory nucleic acids wildly utilized as adjuvants or for vaccines to treat diseases. However, there is a lack of simple and efficient vectors for CpG oligodeoxynucleotide delivery with long-lasting immune stimulation. Herein, self-assembled polymer wires consisting of CpG motifs by hybridization chain reaction (HCR) were constructed with excellent biocompatibility and immunostimulatory activity. The designed polymer DNA wires acted as programmable multivalent immunoadjuvant and triggered immune response, stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and induced the apoptosis of cancer cells. More strikingly, polymer nanospheres assembled from the polymer DNA wires and cationic poly-l-lysine (PLL) further improved cellular uptake and continuously stimulate the lysosomal Toll-like-receptor 9 of immune cells, thereby remarkably enhancing the activation of immune cells. These results demonstrated that self-assembled polymer DNA nanoassemblies with multivalent CpG could trigger strong immune response and further induce cancer cell death.Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) constitutes a large fraction of organic aerosol worldwide, however, the formation mechanisms in polluted environments remain poorly understood. Here we observed fast daytime growth of oxygenated organic aerosol (OOA) (with formation rates up to 10 μg m-3 h-1) during low relative humidity (RH, daytime average 38 ± 19%), high RH (53 ± 19%), and fog periods (77 ± 13%, fog occurring during nighttime with RH reaching 100%). Evidence showed that photochemical aqueous-phase SOA (aqSOA) formation dominantly contributed to daytime OOA formation during the periods with nighttime fog, while both photochemical aqSOA and gas-phase SOA (gasSOA) formation were important during other periods with the former contributing more under high RH and the latter under low RH conditions, respectively. Compared to daytime photochemical aqSOA production, dark aqSOA formation was only observed during the fog period and contributed negligibly to the increase in OOA concentrations due to fog scavenging processes. AZD5069 The rapid daytime aging, as indicated by the rapid decrease in m,p-xylene/ethylbenzene ratios, promoted the daytime formation of precursors for aqSOA formation, e.g., carbonyls such as methylglyoxal. Photooxidants related to aqSOA formation such as OH radical and H2O2 also bear fast daytime growth features even under low solar radiative conditions. The simultaneous increases in ultraviolet radiation, photooxidant, and aqSOA precursor levels worked together to promote the daytime photochemical aqSOA formation. We also found that biomass burning emissions can promote photochemical aqSOA formation by adding to the levels of aqueous-phase photooxidants and aqSOA precursors. Therefore, future mitigation of air pollution in a polluted environment would benefit from stricter control on biomass burning especially under high RH conditions.Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, are promising circulating biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Conventional EVs analysis requires multiple instrumentations to obtain their phenotypic features, which limits its wide applications. Here, we present a plasmonic biosensor technology for multifunctional analysis of EVs. The system is based on a functionalized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor and an advanced plasmonic microscopy to capture and image EVs at single-particle level. SPR images are processed with a home-developed deep learning algorithm to identify EVs and quantify image intensity automatically. By combining immunosensing and single particle analysis, this approach enables both physical and chemical characterization of EVs. As a proof-of-concept, we applied it to analyze EVs secreted from human lung cancer A549 cell lines. Results show the capabilities in the detection of size, concentration and affinity constant. Due to the single particle imaging and multifunctional analysis capability, we anticipate that this technology will find use in clinical and scientific applications.BACKGROUND The optimal goal of naloxone infusion in intensive care units is to ameliorate opioid-induced side effects in therapy or eliminate the symptoms of opioid toxicity in overdoses. Accurately monitoring and regulating the doses is critical to prevent adverse effects related to naloxone administration. The present study aimed to compare treatment outcomes when using two methods of intravenous naloxone infusion an infusion pump or the standard method. METHODS This study involved 80 patients with signs and symptoms of opioid overdose. The patients were randomly assigned into two groups with respect to intravenous infusion of naloxone by either an infusion pump or the standard method. RESULTS Comparison of study parameters between the two groups at 12 and 24 hours after intervention showed significantly more compensatory acid-base imbalance in the naloxone infusion pump group. In the group that received naloxone by pump, only one patient experienced withdrawal symptoms, but withdrawal symptoms appeared in 12 patients (30.