Second primary malignancies (SPMs) are known to be associated with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). The association necessitates a careful assessment of the dual-tracer positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) imaging findings to identify these malignancies earlier. Such early diagnosis can provide incremental benefit for screening these SPMs apart from their known applications in the management of NETs. A case of incidentally detected metachronous triple-negative breast carcinoma on dual-tracer PET-CT imaging is presented using 18fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) and 68Ga-DOTATATE that showed a high uptake on FDG but no uptake on somatostatin receptor-based imaging.Vascular graft infection (VGI) is a rare and severe complication after vascular surgery associated with significant morbidity and mortality, but the diagnosis is not always straightforward due to its variable and nonspecific clinical signs. Computed tomography (CT) scan is considered to be the diagnostic tool of choice for advanced VGI, but there is a high incidence of false-negative results, especially in low-grade infections. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with contrast-enhanced CT (18F-FDG PET-CT) imaging can serve as an effective alternative tool for assessment of suspected VGI and also provide accurate anatomic localization of the infective focus. Here, we describe three cases of VGI with various clinical presentations where the site of infection was diagnosed, confirmed, and documented with the help of 18F-FDG PET-CT imaging.Anorectal malignant melanoma (ARM) is a rare variant of malignant melanoma and even more rare among all anorectal cancers. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (CT) scan is valuable in staging, restaging, treatment response evaluation, and long-term follow-up of malignant melanoma. Here, reporting two cases of anorectal melanoma with a variety of FDG uptake pattern and CT-based features and reviewed a few articles to evaluate the pattern of FDG uptake.Muscular metastases (MMs) form an infrequent entity, and their physiopathology is still not well-defined. In this study, we estimated the incidence of MMs that were detected by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and also specified their metabolic characteristics. This study includes 13 patients with MMs from a remotely located primary tumor. The results of this study showed an incidence of MMs at about 1%, with the most frequently involved muscles being iliopsoas and paraspinal. Lung cancer seems to be the most common tumor that causes MMs. Furthermore, these MMs vary in size and physiological uptake; they seem to be out of the ordinary and easily detected. They are often associated with other extra muscular locations and frequently involve the trunk muscles. selleck chemicals llc Their detection in the course of the evolution of a specific neoplasia testifies to their aggressiveness and portends an unfavorable prognosis. The data in our series confirm that in the literature regarding the underlying primary tumors and anatomical sites involved by MMs.In the present study, the last stable version of Monte Carlo Geant4 code known as Geant4.10.3 has been used for measuring internal dose ratios to the whole body for about 40 organs. This, by performing a Monte Carlo model of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) inside different organs of medical internal radiation dose male phantom, mimics a human male adult of 70 kg. A dedicated Geant4 user code has been developed in the top of one offered by Geant4 Monte Carlo toolkit and so-called human phantom. Several Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out, and in each of them, we have taken up such organ as source of 18F-FDG with a small amount of radioactivity, evenly distributed across its volume, and we measure ratios of absorbed doses deposited in organs to the whole body. The results have shown that there are radiation dose contributions from surrounding organs and their gravities are so variable; some organs have near-local character; thus, almost all radiations are locally deposited, which generally do not affect surrounding ones mainly including adrenals, thyroid, clavicles, thymus, testes, bladder, pancreas, scapula and upper spine; whereas, it is not the case for many other organs in which radiation doses are deposited outside of their parent volumes. In addition, absorbed doses in some organs that have high-tissue weighting factors, namely colon, lungs, stomach, bladder, thyroid, and liver are seriously affected by radioactivity of surrounding muscle organs, the gravity of such affectation is mainly growth when a patient is identified as having hyperglycemia or undergoing a hard physical activity.Lipedema is a chronic and progressive disease characterized by a symmetrical and bilateral swelling of the lower extremities. In general, the feet are not involved. Lipedema is believed to affect nearly 1 in 9 adult women worldwide. Despite this relatively common disease, lipedema is often confused with primary lymphedema or obesity. In clinically advanced lipedema stages, fat continues to build up and may block the lymphatic vessels causing a secondary lymphedema (Lipo-Lymphedema). We consecutively evaluated 54 women with a clinical diagnosis of lower limbs lipedema. Two doses of 99mTc-nanocolloid were injected intradermally at the first intermetatarsal space and in the lateral malleolar area. Two static planar scans were taken at rest immediately following the intradermal injection. Subsequently, all patients were asked to perform an isotonic muscular exercise (stepping) for 2 min. Then, post exercise scans were performed to monitor the tracer pathway. Subsequently, the patient was asked to take a 30-40 min walk (prolonged exercise) and delayed scans were acquired. In early clinical stages, the lymphatic flow is usually preserved and the rest/stress intradermal lymphoscintigraphy may visualize a normal lymphatic drainage with a frequent pattern (tortuous course) of the leg lymphatic pathway. In clinically advanced stages, lymph stagnation areas were observed. Unlike obesity, lipedema fat storage is resistant to dietary regimen, bariatric surgery, and physical activity. Surgical treatment (tumescent liposuction and reductive surgery) is the most effective treatment to remove adipose tissue. Complex decongestive therapies are helpful in reducing the lymph stagnation, especially in patients with advanced lipolymphedema.