Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare lung disease, characterized by abnormal alveolar accumulation of enlarged foamy macrophages and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive materials. Knowledge of the disease characteristics is still lacking.

To help clinicians gain a better understanding of this rare disease.

We undertook a retrospective analysis of 14 adult patients with PAP, treated in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University.

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was correlated with the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) established a definitive diagnosis for a positive rate of 100%. The patients underwent whole lung lavage (WLL) and exhibited varying degrees of remission. The patients with mild symptoms received only supportive care and observation, and remained stable during follow-up.

LDH may correlate with disease severity. Bronchoscopy is sufficiently sensitive for a definite diagnosis. Selleck TRC051384 Conventional bilateral whole lung lavage proved a reliable treatment for indicated patients, but selective unilateral lung lavage or observation may be a rational choice in certain patients.

LDH may correlate with disease severity. Bronchoscopy is sufficiently sensitive for a definite diagnosis. Conventional bilateral whole lung lavage proved a reliable treatment for indicated patients, but selective unilateral lung lavage or observation may be a rational choice in certain patients.Animal models have delivered critical insights into mechanisms underlying the intestinal innate immune system; however, inherent differences exist between human and animal systems. To further understand the intestine innate immune system, there is a growing need for in vitro tissue model systems using human cells. A critical feature of in vitro cell and tissue models is the subepithelial environment, which contains additional cell types and includes 2D, microfluidic, organoid, and 3D tissue models. Where mouse models for the study of intestinal innate immune systems fall short, developments from in vitro models continue to grow in importance to aid efforts to understand this system in the context of disease and potential treatments.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed the vulnerability of many families, including grandparent kinship families, to deal with a health/economic crisis. The fear of COVID-19 plus stay-at-home orders have increased individuals’ psychological distress. Moreover, school closures and homeschooling further increased parenting stress among caregivers.

This study examined the relationship between material hardship and parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers, and assessed grandparents’ mental health as a potential mediator to this relationship during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.

Grandparent kinship providers (N = 362) that took primary care of their grandchildren participated in a cross-sectional survey via Qualtrics Panels in June 2020 in the United States.

Descriptive and bivariate analyses, binary logistic regression, and mediation analyses were conducted using STATA 15.0.

Suffering material hardship was significantly associated with higher odds of experiencing parenting stress among grandparent kinship providers, and grandparents’ mental health partially mediated this association.

Addressing material and mental health needs among grandparent kinship providers is critical to decreasing their parenting stress.

Addressing material and mental health needs among grandparent kinship providers is critical to decreasing their parenting stress.

Despite the rise in ‘online’/technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA), little research has been conducted on professionals’ perceptions beyond reporting on young people’s experiences.

This novel study aimed to understand how professionals who work with victims perceive online CSA (i.e., dynamics and impact), and organizational responses to it.

Seven child protection professionals completed a paper-based pilot questionnaire; another 45 professionals (from child protection, policing, education and therapy) completed a shorter, online survey.

Recruitment occurred via a child protection conference, relevant law enforcement/child protection organizations, and advertised via BASPCAN (a national organization for child protection professionals).

Professionals often demonstrated a limited understanding of the wide range of ‘online’ CSA. Online CSA was often seen by organizations and some professionals as less serious than offline CSA, with offline victims’ prioritized as higher risk, even though respoer of recommendations, including adoption of the term ‘technology-assisted abuse’, adapted assessment tools and interventions, and widespread training. Policies should be reviewed to ensure they are not implicitly minimizing this serious form of abuse.Transoral robotic surgery is a useful minimally invasive technique in the treatment of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, both human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative patients in certain instances. This treatment modality often has proven useful for certain tumor persistences or recurrences. Good outcomes are possible given appropriate patient selection, both oncologically and functionally.Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important target for tumor therapy in various tumors. The current understanding of EGFR conformations on the cell surface is based on X-ray structural data, molecular dynamic simulations, and fluorescence-localization imaging. Using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) with the resolution at sub-nanometers, we successfully recognized individual molecules of EGFRs and their assembly details on the surface of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) upon one-to-one labeling by Au nanoparticles. Based on our results, we have proposed the possible configurations, structural models, and conformational transitions of EGFR oligomers. Our study shows that the high-resolution electron imaging is an invaluable tool to provide direct evidence of EGFR configuration on tumor cell surfaces, and may play a pivotal role in further understanding of EGFR-associated signaling and tumor therapy.