Verify the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D and obesity in elderly patients infected by new coronavirus. The patients developed severe symptoms and were admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) to receive invasive ventilation due to diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).

A cross-sectional descriptive study composed of elderly (age≥60 years) admitted to the ICU. Were collected demographic (sex, age), anthropometric data, presence of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, lung, neurological and oncological diseases), severity score in ICU (SAPS III), PaO

/FiO

ratio, analysis of C-reactive protein (CRP) and serum dosage of 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25 OHD) in the first day of hospitalization to identify elderly with hypovitaminosis D (low values<30ng/mL). The diagnosis of obesity in elderly was determined by calculating the body mass index (BMI)≥30kg/m

.

A total of 176 elderly met the inclusion criteria. 54% were elderly men and mean age of 72.9±9.1 years. The median BMI was 30.5 (28.1-33) kg/m

with 68.7% having a nutritional diagnosis of obesity and 15.3% had BMI≥35kg/m

. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension (72.2%) and diabetes (40.9%). Prevalence of hypovitaminosis D with values of 25 OHD <30ng/mL, < 20ng/mL and <10ng/mL was 93.8%, 65.9% and 21% respectively. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (<30ng/mL) in obese elderly was 94.2%. There was a negative and significant bivariate correlation between BMI and levels of 25 OHD (r=- 0.15; p=0.04).

Hypovitaminosis D and obesity in elderly have a high prevalence in critically ill patients in ICU infected by the new coronavirus. Laboratory investigation of vitamin D becomes important, especially in obese elderly patients.

Hypovitaminosis D and obesity in elderly have a high prevalence in critically ill patients in ICU infected by the new coronavirus. Carfilzomib Laboratory investigation of vitamin D becomes important, especially in obese elderly patients.

Home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is a lifesaving treatment for people with chronic intestinal failure. Although HPN has been studied from an economic point of view, the categories of costs usually included direct costs, frequently excluding personal costs and productivity costs. The purpose of the present paper was to study the total costs of HPN from a societal perspective.

Observational, retrospective, transverse study of all adult patients who were on HPN for more than 3 months and were treated at Gregorio Marañón University Hospital (Madrid, Spain), from June 2018-2019. Data on personal costs and productivity costs were collected from questionnaires completed by patients receiving HPN. We also updated the direct healthcare and non-healthcare costs studied by our group previously to Euros (€) for the year 2019.

Twenty-two patients were included. Personal costs were €729.49 per patient (€3.45 per patient per day) and productivity costs were €256.39 per patient (€1.21 per patient per day). Total HPN costs amounted to €14,460.87 per patient (€131.58 per patient per day). The direct healthcare and non-healthcare costs accounted for 96.46% of overall costs, the personal costs for the patients receiving HPN accounted for 2.62% and productivity costs for 0.92%.

From a societal perspective, the direct healthcare and non-healthcare costs accounted for the majority of HPN expenditure, followed by personal costs and productivity costs.

From a societal perspective, the direct healthcare and non-healthcare costs accounted for the majority of HPN expenditure, followed by personal costs and productivity costs.Systemic inflammation has been reported as a new predictor for COVID-19 outcomes. Thus, we highlight in this viewpoint the importance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in COVID-19 pandemic-infected patients.Reduced physical function, incorporating exercise intolerance, physical inactivity and dependency, is a common consequence of cancer and its treatment. Most guidelines for cancer survivors suggest that physical activity and exercise should be an integral and continuous part of care for all cancer survivors. However, the full potential of exercise will be only realized with careful and considered individual prescription. Strong evidence supports the promotion of physical activity and exercise for adult cancer patients before, during, and after cancer treatment, across all cancer types, and including patients with advanced disease. Combined aerobic and resistance exercise training, targeting fitness and muscle function, may be particularly relevant in patients with cachexia and other wasting related syndromes. Evidence for the added value of providing nutritional support alongside exercise is emerging. Patient, family and professional beliefs about the value and benefits of physical activity and exercise all influence patients’ attitudes and motivation to participate in programmes.To improve the patient-centeredness of care, patient-reported outcomes have been increasingly used to quantify patients’ symptoms, function, and quality of life. In heart failure, the Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) has been qualified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a Clinical Outcome Assessment and recommended as a performance measure for quantifying the quality of care. By systematically asking the same questions reproducibly over time, the KCCQ can validly and sensitively capture the impact of heart failure on patients’ lives and is strongly associated with clinical events over time. This review describes how to interpret the KCCQ, how it should be analyzed in clinical trials to maximize the interpretability of results, and how it can be used in clinical practice and population health. By providing a deeper understanding of the KCCQ, it is hoped that its use can further improve the patient-centeredness of heart failure care.The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly changed clinical care and research, including the conduct of clinical trials, and the clinical research ecosystem will need to adapt to this transformed environment. The Heart Failure Academic Research Consortium is a partnership between the Heart Failure Collaboratory and the Academic Research Consortium, composed of academic investigators from the United States and Europe, patients, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the National Institutes of Health, and industry members. A series of meetings were convened to address the challenges caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, review options for maintaining or altering best practices, and establish key recommendations for the conduct and analysis of clinical trials for cardiovascular disease and heart failure. This paper summarizes the discussions and expert consensus recommendations.