It is hoped that this case series will provide greater awareness and an appreciation of the tremendous value of autotransplantation for the management of patients with congenitally missing or significantly compromised posterior teeth. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Humans have evolved in an environmental and social context that enabled reliable transmissiosn and dispersal of symbionts, accompanied by appropriate nutritional support. However, recent changes in lifestyles, diet and social interactions have altered these metacommunity processes, disrupted the human microbiome and, as a consequence, increased risk of immune-mediated diseases such as allergy and asthma. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.AIMS We discuss the role of the pathologist for MRI-targeted prostate biopsy with a focus on specimen processing, reporting of pathologic findings, and quality assurance in establishing a successful MRI-targeted biopsy program. METHODS The authors discuss the current issues relevant to pathologists regarding MRI-targeted prostate biopsy. In addition, a brief review of the recently published literature was performed using an English literature search on PubMed with a focus on original investigations related to MRI-targeted prostate biopsy. Our search terms included the following “prostate cancer”, “pathology”, “histology”, “reporting”, “cores”, “imaging”, “MRI”, and “mpMRI”. RESULTS Prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and MRI-targeted biopsy has been shown to improve the diagnosis of clinically significant prostatic adenocarcinoma and can affect the management of patients with prostate cancer. The current active surveillance guidelines were based on data from TRUS biopsies and not MRI-targeted biopsies. MRI-targeted biopsy acquires multiple cores of tissue from one or more suspicious lesions found on mp-MRI. How multiple targeted core biopsies obtained from a single image-directed region of interest are analyzed and reported can potentially alter the Gleason Score and tumor burden as reported on biopsy, which could undoubtedly alter patient management. CONCLUSIONS Pathologists play an important role in the reporting of MRI-targeted prostate biopsies. How we report prostate cancer grade and extent on these biopsies can influence patient management. In addition, the pathologist should be involved in the quality assurance for patients undergoing MRI-targeted prostate biopsy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Immune dysfunction plays an important role in tumour development, recurrence, therapeutic responses and overall survival. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a clonal B-cell malignancy which characterized by antitumoural immune dysfunction. In this study, we analyzed 28 tumour-immune-related pathways and calculated the immune pathway score through published microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) data portal. A training set of 345 patients and a validation set of 214 patients with primary MM were chosen. We performed least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis to identify prognostic factors. Then we used cluster analysis to divide patients into three immunogenomic subtypes, which named abnormal immune activated type, common type and anti-myeloma immune activated type. Log‑rank tests showed that anti-myeloma immune activated type had the best prognosis and abnormal immune activated type had the shortest overall survival (OS) (P=0.000) and event-free survival (EFS) (P=0.000). Multivariate Cox also indicated that the immunogenomic subtype was an independent predictor of OS (P=0.001) and EFS (P=0.000). We also analyzed the characteristics and the immune-response patterns of different subtypes. Then, we established a mathematical model to classify patients in the validation set. In the validation set, patients with different immunogenomic subtypes also had a significantly different OS (P=0.001) and EFS (P=0.005). Our study explored tumour-immune-related pathways at a multi-dimensional level and found the immunogenomic subtype of MM. Potential mechanisms on the genetic level of how tumour-immunity influences the prognosis and therapeutic responses are provided. The immunogenomic subtype may be feasible for deciding clinical treatment in the future. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email journals.permissions@oup.com.Sports-related concussion (SRC) is sustained by millions of people per year, yet the spatiotemporal patterns of white matter (WM) injury remain poorly understood. Several SRC studies have implemented the standardised approach Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). Envonalkib The aim of this image-based meta-analysis was to identify consensus patterns of SRC-related WM injury across TBSS studies. We included studies comparing the diffusion MRI measurement fractional anisotropy (FA) in SRC or subconcussive injury vs. controls using TBSS, as FA is the most frequently examined diffusion tensor imaging metric. Authors of eligible studies were contacted to request unthresholded statistical map outputs from TBSS, and image-based meta-analyses were performed using Seed-Based d-Mapping. Eight studies contributed to our meta-analyses, comprising 174 SRC or subconcussive injury participants and 160 controls. Our primary meta-analysis (n = 8), encompassing subjects with acute SRC (n = 2), chronic SRC (n = 4) and subconcussive injuries (n = 2) revealed dominant bilateral increased FA in the superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF) and internal capsule. Subconcussive injury was associated with small clusters of increased and decreased FA in the arcuate fasciculus compared to control. In acute SRC, we found diffuse foci of raised FA at WM/grey matter border-zone associated with the bilateral SLF and right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus. In contrast, chronic SRC had a pattern of deep WM alteration, asymmetrically located in the right optic radiations and arcuate fasciculus. Our findings represent the most powerful analysis of TBSS data in SRC, supporting the use of this approach to analyse diffusion data. TBSS is sensitive to WM abnormalities resulting from SRC or subconcussive injury over a range of temporal and clinical scenarios. Our data show spatially concordant patterns of WM injury unique to subconcussive, acute and chronic phases, highlighting the future utility of diffusion MRI for concussion diagnosis.