The absence of E. hellem and E. cuniculi infection suggests a low risk of zoonotic foodborne transmission from these wild lagomorph species in southern Spain. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of E. intestinalis infection in wild rabbits and Iberian hares. The presence of E. bieneusi and E. intestinalis in organ meats from wild lagomorphs can be of public health concern. Additional studies are required to determine the real prevalence of these parasites in European wild rabbit and Iberian hare.”Cross-protection”, a nearly 100 years-old virological term, is suggested to be changed to “close protection”. Evidence for the need of such change has accumulated over the past six decades from the laboratory experiments and field tests conducted by plant pathologists and plant virologists working with different plant viruses, and, in particular, from research on Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). A direct confirmation of such close protection came with the finding that “pre-immunization” of citrus plants with the variants of the T36 strain of CTV but not with variants of other virus strains was providing protection against a fluorescent protein-tagged T36-based recombinant virus variant. Under natural conditions close protection is functional and is closely associated both with the conservation of the CTV genome sequence and prevention of superinfection by closely similar isolates. It is suggested that the mechanism is primarily directed to prevent the danger of virus population collapse that could be expected to result through quasispecies divergence of large RNA genomes of the CTV variants continuously replicating within long-living and highly voluminous fruit trees. This review article provides an overview of the CTV cross-protection research, along with a discussion of the phenomenon in the context of the CTV biology and genetics.Thermoplastic polymers like ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) may be grafted with silanes via reactive extrusion to enable subsequent crosslinking for advanced biomaterials manufacture. However, this reactive extrusion process is difficult to control and it is still challenging to reproducibly arrive at well-defined products. Moreover, high grafting degrees require a considerable excess of grafting reagent. A large proportion of the silane passes through the process without reacting and needs to be removed at great expense by subsequent purification. This results in unnecessarily high consumption of chemicals and a rather resource-inefficient process. It is thus desired to be able to define desired grafting degrees with optimum grafting efficiency by means of suitable process control. In this study, the continuous grafting of vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS) on ethylene-octene copolymer (EOC) via reactive extrusion was investigated. Successful grafting was verified and quantified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The effects of five process parameters and their synergistic interactions on grafting degree and grafting efficiency were determined using a face-centered experimental design (FCD). Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to derive a causal process model and define process windows yielding arbitrary grafting degrees between 5% at a minimum waste of grafting agent. It was found that the reactive extrusion process was strongly influenced by several second-order interaction effects making this process difficult to control. Grafting efficiencies between 75 and 80% can be realized as long as grafting degrees less then 2% are admitted.Wild food plants are commonly used in the traditional diets of indigenous people in many parts of the world, including northern Thailand. The potential contribution of wild food plants to the nutrition of the Karen and Lawa communities remains poorly understood. Wild food plants, with a focus on leafy vegetables, were ranked by the Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) based on semi-structured interviews. Twelve wild plant species were highly mentioned and widely consumed. The importance of the wild vegetables was mainly related to taste, availability, and multifunctionality of the species. SKI II nmr Their contents of proximate and minerals (P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu) were analyzed using standard methods. The proximate contents were comparable to most domesticated vegetables. The contents of Mg (104 mg/100 g FW), Fe (11 mg/100 g FW), and Zn (19 mg/100 g FW) in the wild leafy vegetables were high enough to cover the daily recommended dietary allowances of adults (19-50 years), whereas a few species showed Mn contents higher than the tolerable upper intake level (>11 mg/100 g edible part). The wild leafy vegetables, therefore, are good sources of minerals and we recommend their continued usage by indigenous people. Further research on these wild leafy vegetables’ contents of antioxidants, vitamins, heavy metals, anti-nutrient factors, and food safety is recommended.Aiming at the removal of refractory organic pollutants in aqueous solution, self-assembled nano-Fe3C embedded in reduced graphene oxide (nano-Fe3C@RGO) aerogel was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and high temperature treatment, and characterized by SEM, HRTEM, pore size distribution, XRD, XPS and FTIR. The results showed that the aerogel was porous, and most of the Fe3C particles were less than 100 nm in size. They were evenly dispersed and embedded in the RGO aerogel. Furthermore, the mapping images confirmed that the elements of carbon, nitrogen and iron were homogeneously distributed. Moreover, the specific surface area of the aerogel was up to 324.770 m2/g and most of the pore sizes were between 5 and 10 nm. The formation of nano-Fe3C was identified by XRD pattern and HRTEM. Analysis of an XPS spectrum indicates that the nano-Fe3C was embedded in the graphene layer. The aerogel contained a large number of functional groups, including -NH2-NH and -C=O, etc., which greatly strengthened the adsorption of organics. Finally, the Fenton-like catalytic degradation properties of the self-assembled nano-Fe3C@RGO aerogel were investigated by testing the removal of methyl orange from the aqueous solution. The results showed that the value of Ct/C0 decreased to 0.050 after 240 min, suggesting a high degradation rate was obtained. Meanwhile, the chemical reaction was verified in accordance with the first-order kinetic model, and the higher temperature was beneficial to the catalytic degradation. At the same time, methyl orange was degraded into small molecules by the hydroxyl and superoxide radicals generated during the reactions. Therefore, the self-assembled nano-Fe3C@RGO aerogel, as a novel Fenton-like catalyst, introduces a new approach in the field of treatment of refractory organic wastewater.