Aqueous mixtures of anionic and nonionic/cationic surfactants can form non-trivial self-assemblies in solution and exhibit macroscopic responses. Here, we investigate the micellar phase of pure and mixed aqueous solutions of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) and Dimethyldodecyl Amine Oxide (DDAO) using a combination of Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and rheological measurements. We examine the effect of temperature (0-60 °C), on the 20 wt% SDS micellar solutions with varying DDAO (⩽5 wt%), and seek to correlate micellar structure with zero-shear solution viscosity. SANS establishes the formation of prolate ellipsoidal micelles in aqueous solutions of pure SDS, DDAO and SDS/DDAO mixtures, whose axial ratio is found to increase upon cooling. Elongation of the ellipsoidal micelles of pure SDS is also induced by the introduction of the non-anionic DDAO, which effectively reduces the repulsive interactions between the anionic SDS head-groups. In FTIR measurements, the formation of elongated mixed ellipsoidal micelles is confirmed by the increase of ordering in the hydrocarbon chain tails and interaction between surfactant head-groups. We find that the zero-shear viscosity of the mixed surfactant solutions increases exponentially with decreasing temperature and increasing DDAO content. Significantly, a master curve for solution viscosity can be obtained in terms of micellar aspect ratio, subsuming the effects of both temperature and DDAO composition in the experimental range investigated. The intrinsic viscosity of mixed micellar solutions is significantly larger than the analytical and numerical predictions for Brownian suspensions of ellipsoidal colloids, highlighting the need to consider interactions of soft micelles under shear, especially at high concentrations.In this study, we try to find possible solutions to synchronously solving energy and environmental problems. In our design, orange peel is used as a carbon source to synthesize low-cost Fe3O4/C composites, which are employed as adsorbents to purify Cr(vi)-contaminated water. After that, these Cr(vi)-laden Fe3O4/C composites are used and tested as anodes in potassium-ion batteries. It is found that their K-storage capacity is more than 300 mAh g-1 at a current density of 0.1 A g-1, depending on the mass content of Fe3O4. The more Fe3O4 component in composite, the more adsorbed Cr(vi) species through chemisorption, and the larger K-storage capacity. The good electrical conductivity of cabon-based anodes endows them with superior rate performance. At current densities of 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 2 A g-1, K-storage capacity amounts to 357.8, 316.3, 276.3 and 236.8 mAh g-1, respectively. The reuse of contaminant-laden adsorbents as anodes will shed new light on the disposal of exhausted adsorbents after water treatment and development of anode materials for secondary batteries.

This review aims to merge all the western studies dealing with robotic gastrectomies (RG) to provide pooled results and higher levels of evidence supporting the use of robotic gastrectomy for the treatment of gastric cancer also at western latitudes.

A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus for studies published between 2010 and 2020 concerning RG in western centers. Case series and comparative studies (robotic versus open and robotic versus laparoscopic) were included.

After screening 1732 articles, 10 articles with a total of 988 patients undergoing RG in western centers were eligible for inclusion. Included studies showed a relatively low risk of bias. The pooled conversion rate was 3.9% (95% CI 1.2-7.9). The pooled overall complications rate was 15% (7.1-25.3) with a mortality rate of 2.5% (1.1-4.7). The pooled 5-year overall survival rate was 60.4% (46.0-74.1). The pooled analyses of the comparative studies (robotic versus open) included 132 robotic and 305 open ga from western centers, robotic gastrectomy is comparable with the open and the laparoscopic approaches with regards to short term outcomes. Survival data of RG were similar to open gastrectomies, but studies on long-term outcomes are required to confirm these results.

To assess differences in ocular biometric measurements between primary angle closure suspect (PACS) eyes and primary angle closure (PAC) and primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG) eyes.

Cross-sectional study.

Patients with primary angle closure disease (PACD) were identified from the Chinese American Eye Study, a population-based study in Los Angeles, California.

Patients previously underwent complete ocular examinations including gonioscopy and anterior segment (AS)-OCT imaging with the Tomey CASIA SS-1000 (Tomey Corporation, Nagoya, Japan). Four AS-OCT images were analyzed per eye. Averaged and sectoral measurements of biometric parameters, including angle recess area (ARA), trabecular iris space area (TISA), iris area, iris curvature, lens vault, anterior chamber depth, and anterior chamber area, were compared between early PACD (PACS) and late PACD (PAC and PACG) groups. Machine learning classifiers that attempt to differentiate between early and late PACD eyes were developed by applying different potential challenges of developing quantitative methods to detect late PACD.

Differences in biometric measurements between subtypes of PACD eyes were small in a population-based cohort of Chinese Americans. The poor performance of classifiers based on these measurements highlights potential challenges of developing quantitative methods to detect late PACD.The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor, calcitonin receptor-like receptor (CLR) complexing with receptor activity-modifiying protein 1 (RAMP1), have been shown to be crucially involved in the pathogenesis of migraine. However, CGRP also plays a pivotal role in regulating bone turnover and was suggested to contribute to the development of the metabolic syndrome. selleck chemicals Therefore, our study was designed to characterize the effects of CGRP antagonism on bone and glucose metabolism in a murine model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). A subcutaneous pellet releasing the CGRP receptor antagonist BIBN 4096 (BIBN; olcegepant) was implanted in WT mice with DIO. Metabolic effects were assessed through body- and organ-weights, oral glucose tolerance (oGT), serum lipids, and gene-expression studies. Bone turnover was assessed through histomorphometry of non-decalcified bone sections and analyses of bone turnover markers in serum samples. BIBN treatment did not alter body weight gain or the levels of serum lipids including triacylglycerol and cholesterol during DIO.