Background The glucose metabolism of cancer cells differs from that of noncancerous cells. Transketolase-like protein 1 (TKTL1) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) both play a role in this process. These biochemical tumor markers are overexpressed in several types of human cancer. Objective We sought to determine if TKTL1 and/or GLUT1 expression predicts prognosis in gastric cancer. Methods In this retrospective study, we selected 284 patients who underwent surgery for gastric cancer at the Helsinki University Hospital. We used immunohistochemistry to assess the expression of TKTL1 and GLUT1, combined with clinicopathological data. Results Positive expression of TKTL1 was associated with positive expression of GLUT1, age over 65 years, male gender, advanced stage (II-IV), and advanced tumors (T2-T4). Patients with a positive expression of TKTL1 had a poorer prognosis than those with no expression (p = 0.042, Breslow test). GLUT1 positivity was associated with higher age and with the intestinal type of gastric cancer but did not carry any prognostic value. Conclusion In conclusion, our study showed that positive expression of TKTL1 correlates with a poor prognosis in gastric cancer.In this paper, we describe the application of the 4D biofabrication approach for the fabrication of artificial nerve graft. Bilayer scaffolds consisting of uniaxially aligned polycaprolactone-poly(glycerol sebacate) (PCL-PGS) and randomly aligned methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HA-MA) fibers were fabricated using electrospinning and further used for the culture of PC-12 neuron cells. Tubular structures form instantly after immersion of fibrous bilayer in an aqueous buffer and the diameter of obtained tubes can be controlled by changing bilayer parameters such as the thickness of each layer, overall bilayer thickness, and medium counterion concentration. Designed scaffolds showed a self-folded scroll-like structure with high stability after four weeks of real-time degradation. The significance of this research is in the fabrication of a tuneable tubular nerve guide conduits that can simplify the current existing clinical treatment of neural injuries.Radiation chemists have been routinely using high-dose microsecond-pulsed irradiation for almost 60 years, involving many thousands of studies, in the technique of “pulse radiolysis”. This involves dose rates broadly similar to the FLASH regimen now attracting interest in radiotherapy and radiobiology. Using the experience gained from radiation chemistry, two scenarios are examined here that may provide a mechanistic basis for any differential response in normal tissues versus tumors in FLASH radiotherapy. These are 1. possible depletion of a chemical critical to the response to radiation, and 2. radical-radical reactions as a possible cause of effects occurring mainly with high-intensity pulsed radiation. The evidence for changes in relative levels of so-called “reactive oxygen species” produced after irradiation using FLASH versus conventional irradiation modalities is also examined.Introduction Metastatic breast cancer has poor prognosis due to limited therapeutic options. Protein kinase dysregulations have a major role in breast cancer progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, which targets receptor tyrosine kinases in breast cancer. Although treatment with sorafenib has increased the patient survival and inhibited metastatic migration in hepatocellular carcinoma, its role in breast cancer migration, metastasis, and intracellular signaling modulation is unknown. Methods Breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 were treated with sorafenib and its effect on proliferation, migration, invasion and gene expression was analyzed. Results We found that sorafenib has an anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells. Importantly, sorafenib inhibited the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro. Mechanistically, sorafenib increased mitochondrial superoxide production, suppressed breast cancer stem cell self-renewal, inhibited epithelial mesenchymal transition and ERK signaling. Conclusion Thus, sorafenib has anti-cancer activity against breast cancer cells and could improve the survival of breast cancer patients by inhibiting their invasive and metastatic properties.Recently, organic dyes with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) have attracted much attention in bioimaging and diagnostics. Relatively, the application of traditional dyes has diminished because of aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). In this work, we compare the imaging ability of nanoparticle formulations of these two kinds of dyes. Boron dipyrromethene (BODIPY) was chosen as a representative of the ACQ dyes, and an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) dye BPMT was used for comparison. BODIPY and BPMT were entrapped into PEG5k-PLA10k to form BODIPY-loaded NPs (BNPs) and BPMT-loaded NPs (ANPs), respectively. CUDC-101 In vivo and ex vivo imaging demonstrated that BNP1 with ultralow BODIPY load (0.07%) can effectively accumulate in tumor tissues and enable long-term noninvasive imaging. In contrast, ANP4 with high BPMT load (1.6%) has poor bioimaging ability. In general, our work has certain reference significance for the application of ACQ dyes and AIEgens in bioimaging, diagnostics, and theranostics.Pulmonary typical carcinoid (TC) is a low-grade, rare lung cancer of neuroendocrine origin. Currently, there is very little information available about the immune cell composition in TC tumors. Here, we analyzed by flow cytometry resected tumors from four never-smoker female patients with TC. Twelve distinct immune cell types were identified in TC tumors. The most abundant immune cells were CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, and macrophages, which represented 19.8%, 17.7%, 11.5%, and 11% of all tumor-infiltrating CD45+ leukocytes, respectively. Natural killer (NK) cells (8.9%) and neutrophils (3.9%) were also common. Three types of dendritic cells (DCs) were identified (plasmacytoid DCs, CD1c+ DCs, and CD141+ DCs) which together constituted 1.4% of all immune cells in TC tumors. Small populations of basophils (1.3%), mast cells (0.8%), and eosinophils (0.6%) were also present. Notably, the percentage of leukocytes (of all living cells) was much lower in TC tumors compared to high-grade non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors, and also compared to non-cancerous lung tissue.