The results demonstrate that MoS2 -CeO2 nanocomposite is a promising class for the clinical treatment of chronic wounds especially the diabetic ulcer wounds, and 808 nm laser can be used as a PTT antibacterial switch.Given the limited source of human external auditory canal (EAC) skin, animal experiments remain an important approach for studying functional EAC reconstruction. However, differences between humans and animals in terms of the general EAC structure, histological characteristics of EAC skin, and cell markers of its specific glands in cartilaginous EAC skin remain unknown. We compared the characteristics of the EAC between humans and large animals, as a basis for appropriate animal model selection. Cobimetinib Temporal bone computed tomography was used to compare the EACs of humans, goats, pigs, and dogs. EAC skin samples were harvested and their histological characteristics evaluated. The skin’s ultrastructure and the histological structure of specific glands and cell markers related to cell phenotype and function were further identified. The EAC structure in goats was similar to that in humans in terms of diameter, length, and cartilaginous segment ratio of the EAC, while that of pigs and dogs differed markedly. Furthermore, histological evaluation showed that there were abundant ceruminous and sebaceous glands in the goat’s cartilaginous skin, while dogs and pigs showed notably fewer of these glands in cartilaginous skin than humans. Nevertheless, ceruminous glands in all species studied showed similar expression of cell biomarkers and secretion function. Goats might have advantages in terms of surgery and reconstruction of the functional EAC skin compared to dogs and pigs and can be a useful candidate for ceruminous gland cell sources.Chinese Hamster Ovary [CHO] cells are the workhorse for production of modern biopharmaceuticals. They are however immortalized cells with a high propensity for genetic change. Judging from published culture records, CHO cell populations have undergone hundreds of population doublings since their origin in the late 1950s. Different cell populations were established and named from 1 to 3 decades after their generation, such as CHO-Pro-, CHO-K1, CHO-DG44, CHO-S, CHO-DUK, CHO-DXB-11 to indicate origin and certain phenotypic features. These names are commonly used in scientific publications still today. This article discusses the relevance of such names. We argue that they provide a false sense of identity. To substantiate this, we provide the long (and poorly recorded) history of CHO cells as well as their highly complex genetics. Finally, we suggest an alternative naming system for CHO cells which provides more relevant information. While the implementation of a new naming convention will require substantial discussions among members of the relevant community, it should improve interpretation and comparability between laboratories. This, in turn will help scientific communities and industrial users to attain and further the full potential of CHO cells.

Osteopontin (OPN), a highly phosphorylated and glycosylated protein, is present in most body fluids, including milk. OPN appears at a high concentration in human milk (130-180mg L

), but not bovine milk (≈18mg mL

). It is previously shown that milk OPN is involved in various biological processes and therefore may be a valuable infant formula additive.

In the present study, recombinant bovine OPN (rbOPN) and recombinant human OPN (rhOPN) are generated in a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) algal expression system. The rbOPN and rhOPN are phosphorylated but not glycosylated. To assess the bioactivities of rbOPN and rhOPN and compare their bioactivities to those of bovine milk OPN (bmOPN), wild-type (WT) mouse pups nursed by OPN knock-out (KO) dams are orally fed bmOPN, rbOPN, and rhOPN daily from postnatal days 1-21 (P1-21). Effects of these OPNs on development of the brain, intestine, and immune function are evaluated. The results show that rbOPN and rhOPN exhibit effects similar to those of bmOPN as well as mouse milk OPN on stimulating proliferation of the small intestine, increasing brain myelination and cognitive development, and enhancing development of immune function.

rbOPN and rhOPN are likely to provide beneficial bioactivities when added to infant diets.

rbOPN and rhOPN are likely to provide beneficial bioactivities when added to infant diets.The cancer testis antigen (CTA) lactate dehydrogenase C (LDHC) is a promising anticancer target with tumor-specific expression and immunogenicity. Interrogation of breast cancer patient cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) indicate that upregulation of LDHC expression correlates with unfavorable prognosis. Although the role of LDHC is well characterized in spermatocytes, its role in tumors remains largely unknown. We investigated whether LDHC is involved in regulating genomic stability and whether it could be targeted to affect tumor cellular fitness. Silencing LDHC in four breast cancer cell lines significantly increased the presence of giant cells, nuclear aberrations, DNA damage, and apoptosis. LDHC-silenced cells demonstrated aberrant cell cycle progression with differential expression of cell cycle checkpoint and DNA damage response regulators. In addition, LDHC silencing-induced microtubule destabilization, culminating in increased mitotic catastrophe and reduced long-term survival. Notably, the clonogenicity of LDHC-silenced cells was further reduced by treatment with the poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib and with the DNA-damaging drug cisplatin. This study supports the therapeutic potential of targeting LDHC to mitigate cancer cell survival and improve sensitivity to agents that cause DNA damage or inhibit its repair.A facile method is described herein for generating a mineral gradient in a biodegradable polymer scaffold. The gradient is achieved by swelling a composite film made of polycaprolactone (PCL) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles with a PCL solution. During the swelling process, the solvent and PCL polymer chains diffuse into the composite film, generating a gradient in HAp density at their interface. The thickness of the mineral gradient can be tuned by varying the extent of swelling to match the length scale of the natural tendon-to-bone attachment (20-60 µm). When patterned with an array of funnel-shaped channels, the mineral gradient presents stem cells with spatial gradations in both biochemical cues (e.g., osteoinductivity and conductivity associated with the HAp nanoparticles) and mechanical cues (e.g., substrate stiffness) to stimulate their differentiation into a graded distribution of cell phenotypes. This new class of biomimetic scaffolds holds great promise for facilitating the regeneration of the injured tendon-to-bone attachment by stimulating the formation of a functionally graded interface.