0004 μm), and this was found to be statistically insignificant (

= 0.272). SEM micrographs and EDS results also corroborate with the results of surface profilometry.

The new concept in this study is Group II (PEEK abutments) are connected with titanium implants, to prove its compatibility and aesthetics. Within the limitations of the study, the surface roughness values before and after cyclic loading of two different abutment materials revealed that the wear resistance of titanium abutments is more than PEEK abutments, but the difference was found to be statistically insignificant.

The new concept in this study is Group II (PEEK abutments) are connected with titanium implants, to prove its compatibility and aesthetics. Within the limitations of the study, the surface roughness values before and after cyclic loading of two different abutment materials revealed that the wear resistance of titanium abutments is more than PEEK abutments, but the difference was found to be statistically insignificant.

Nasal septum deviation (NSD) increases the chance of nasal obstruction, sinusitis, and upper airway and middle ear infections and can affect vocal cord activity, beauty, and breathing. The present study investigated the prevalence of NSD and its relation to gender, age, and history of trauma using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

This cross-sectional study was performed on the data from CBCT examinations of 386 patients referred to two oral and maxillofacial radiology centers in Tehran, Iran, from January 2016 to January 2017. The presence of NSD and its type according to the Mladina’s classification were evaluated. The effect of age, gender, and history of trauma on the prevalence of NSD was considered using a logistic regression.

86.6% (confidence interval = 0.81, 0.91) of the patients showed NSD. The prevalence was 19.4% type 1, 6.2% type 2, 20.7% type 3, 5.4% type 4, 4.4% type 5, 0.3% type 6, and 30.3% with type 7. The logistic regression indicated that the chance of deviation of nasal septum increased with age and every 10-year increase in age increased the odds of septal deviation by 0.32 (

< 0.001 and odds ratio = 1.032). Gender (

= 0.094) and history of trauma (

= 0.79) had no effects on the chance of deviation of nasal septum.

This study showed that the frequency of NSD was 86.6%, with type 7 being the most common type, followed by type 3 and 1. TGF-beta cancer NSD showed no association with trauma and gender, and the increase in age increases the chance of NSD.

This study showed that the frequency of NSD was 86.6%, with type 7 being the most common type, followed by type 3 and 1. NSD showed no association with trauma and gender, and the increase in age increases the chance of NSD.

Platelet concentrates usage in the treatment of intrabony defects has been improved due to advancement of research. Many generation of platelet concentrates were used, but research regarding advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) regarding periodontal treatment is scanty.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare PRF and A-PRF in the treatment of human periodontal infrabony defects (IBDs) both clinically and radiographically.

Twenty-eight patients having IBDs were divided into Group A (PRF) and Group B (A-PRF). Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and 3 and 6 months and radiographic examination at baseline and 6 months were also recorded to evaluate defect fill, resolution, and change in the alveolar crest height. Then, all the data were tabulated in a Microsoft Excel sheet and subjected to statistical analysis. Mean and standard deviations of the clinical and radiographic parameters were calculated, and unpaired

-test was performed to assess intergroup comparison at different time intervals.

Intragroup comparison showed statistically significant improvement in PPD and CAL at 3 and 6 months while statistically significant improvement was observed in mean defect fill and resolution in Group B.

Individually, both the materials have shown promising results. However, statistically, PRF group (Group A) showed better treatment outcome in terms of bone fill and A-PRF group (Group B) in terms of soft tissue healing.

Individually, both the materials have shown promising results. However, statistically, PRF group (Group A) showed better treatment outcome in terms of bone fill and A-PRF group (Group B) in terms of soft tissue healing.

Description of Langerhans’ cells (LCs) as an important antigen-presenting cells responsible for detecting the antigens, recruiting T-cells, and thereby initiating the immune response. An adequate response of the mucosal immune system is essential to protect the mucosa against pathological conditions. Hence, a detailed review was planned about this unique antigen-presenting cell.

A literature search of the electronic databases included the MEDLINE, EBSCOHOST, PUBMED, and hand searches of references retrieved were undertaken using the following MeSH terms “Langerhans cells,” “LCs in Oral Lichen Planus,” “Langerhans cell histiocytosis,” “LCs and HIV,” “LCs in Periodontitis.”

LCs are present suprabasally in the epithelium of oral mucosa and in the epidermis of the skin. The role played by LCs though not fully elucidated, but several research studies indicate that these cells are involved in the pathogenesis of many oral diseases. In this article, the historical perspective, structure, function, origin, and phenotypic expressions of LCs are discussed in detail. The current understanding on the role of LCs in various oral lesions and its immunological characteristics are discussed.

LCs act as immune mediator cells, tumor cells, vectors of infected cells, and phagocytic cells. Further studies could bolster the knowledge about the role of Langerhans cells in the immune response of various oral diseases and thereby provide diagnostic tools and help for prognostic evaluation. This review illuminates the pivotal role of Langerhans cells and its immune surveillance as a “Sentinels” of the oral mucosa.

LCs act as immune mediator cells, tumor cells, vectors of infected cells, and phagocytic cells. Further studies could bolster the knowledge about the role of Langerhans cells in the immune response of various oral diseases and thereby provide diagnostic tools and help for prognostic evaluation. This review illuminates the pivotal role of Langerhans cells and its immune surveillance as a “Sentinels” of the oral mucosa.