Are pride and shame adaptations for promoting the benefits of being valued and limiting the costs of being devalued, respectively? Recent findings indicate that the intensities of anticipatory pride and shame regarding various potential acts and traits track the degree to which fellow community members value or disvalue those acts and traits. Thus, it is possible that pride and shame are engineered to activate in proportion to others’ valuations. Here, we report the results of two preregistered replications of the original pride and shame reports (Sznycer et al. 2016 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 113, 2625-2630. (doi10.1073/pnas.1514699113); Sznycer et al. 2017 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 114, 1874-1879. (doi10.1073/pnas.1614389114)). We required the data to meet three criteria, including frequentist and Bayesian replication measures. Both replications met the three criteria. This new evidence invites a shifting of prior assumptions about pride and shame these emotions are engineered to gain the benefits of being valued and avoid the costs of being devalued.Neonicotinoid pesticides can have a multitude of negative sublethal effects on bees. Understanding their impact on wild populations requires accurately estimating the dosages bees encounter under natural conditions. This is complicated by the possibility that bees might influence their own exposure two recent studies found that bumblebees (Bombus terrestris) preferentially consumed neonicotinoid-contaminated nectar, even though these chemicals are thought to be tasteless and odourless. Here, we used Bombus impatiens to explore two elements of these reported preferences, with the aim of understanding their ecological implication and underlying mechanism. First, we asked whether preferences persisted across a range of realistic nectar sugar concentrations, when measured at a series of time points up until 24 h. Second, we tested whether bees’ neonicotinoid preferences were driven by an ability to associate their post-ingestive consequences with floral stimuli such as colour, location or scent. We found no evidence that foragers preferred to consume neonicotinoid-containing solutions, despite finding effects on feeding motivation and locomotor activity in line with previous work. Bees also did not preferentially visit floral stimuli previously paired with a neonicotinoid-containing solution. These results highlight the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying bees’ responses to these pesticides, critical for determining how neonicotinoid-driven foraging preferences might operate in the real world for different bee species.Human traffic along roads can be a major vector for infectious diseases and invasive species. Though most road traffic is local, a small number of long-distance trips can suffice to move an invasion or disease front forward. selleck compound Therefore, understanding how many agents travel over long distances and which routes they choose is key to successful management of diseases and invasions. Stochastic gravity models have been used to estimate the distribution of trips between origins and destinations of agents. However, in large-scale systems, it is hard to collect the data required to fit these models, as the number of long-distance travellers is small, and origins and destinations can have multiple access points. Therefore, gravity models often provide only relative measures of the agent flow. Furthermore, gravity models yield no insights into which roads agents use. We resolve these issues by combining a stochastic gravity model with a stochastic route choice model. Our hybrid model can be fitted to survey data collected at roads that are used by many long-distance travellers. This decreases the sampling effort, allows us to obtain absolute predictions of both vector pressure and pathways, and permits rigorous model validation. After introducing our approach in general terms, we demonstrate its benefits by applying it to the potential invasion of zebra and quagga mussels (Dreissena spp.) to the Canadian province British Columbia. The model yields an R 2-value of 0.73 for variance-corrected agent counts at survey locations.The corrosion inhibition effect and adsorption behaviour of 1-phenyl-3-(phenylamino)propan-1-one (PPAPO) on N80 steel in hydrochloric acid solution have been investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), electrochemical method and scanning electron microscopy. The corrosion inhibition mechanism of PPAPO mixed with Na2WO4 was interpreted from the thermodynamic point of view. The results indicated that PPAPO mixed with Na2WO4 acted as a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition film formed on N80 steel surface can increase the charge transfer resistance and prevent the occurrence of corrosion reaction, thereby reducing the corrosion rate of metal surface. The inhibition efficiency was up to 96.65%; the inhibitor PPAPO with Na2WO4 showed good synergistic effect on N80 corrosion behaviour in HCl solution. The adsorption behaviour of inhibitors on N80 steel surface was in accordance with the Langmuir adsorption model and mainly belonged to chemisorption. The adsorption process of PPAPO on N80 surface was spontaneous and irreversible endothermic reaction.The critical technical issues for the structure design of three-roller tube expander were first studied and analysed in this paper. Then, the major design parameters of the expansion unit structure and the bearing limit of 12¼″ three-roller tube expander were optimized and investigated by finite-element numerical simulation method. Results from study show that the required expansion force increases when the taper angle of the roller outer surface gets larger, taking the axial expansion force as the quantitative indicators. It is suggested that the roller tape angle of the expansion unit should be in the range of 9-12° considering the proper length of the roller and the non-self-locking tube expansion process. The required expansion force of the bellows first decreases and then increases when the gauge length of the expansion unit becomes longer. The optimal value of the gauge length is 50 mm considering the proper length of the roller. And according to the numerical simulation results, the designed three-roller tube expander meets the strength requirements.