In this work a moderate technology penetration scenario has been set for EU-28, reaching a potential for biomethane of 18 billion m3/year in 2030. A large share of this potential can be devoted to transport, with a relevant impact on the sector. FL118 LNG appears suitable for pushing the market uptake of biomethane in the transport sector. Among the potential uses of biomethane for transport, it is worth considering that the natural gas use in the maritime and internal waterways sectors is getting momentum. The current analysis aimed to highlight the potential of renewable energy-based alternatives to natural gas. Eventually, it is worth noticing that the real market deployment of this potential will be determined by the energy market conditions, and by the member states capability to stimulate the industry through a coherent set of supporting initiatives. © 2019 The Author(s).Engineered myoglobins have recently gained attention for their ability to catalyze a variety of abiological carbene transfer reactions including the functionalization of amines via carbene insertion into N-H bonds. However, the scope of myoglobin and other hemoprotein-based biocatalysts in the context of this transformation has been largely limited to aniline derivatives as the amine substrates and ethyl diazoacetate as the carbene donor reagent. In this report, we describe the development of an engineered myoglobin-based catalyst useful for promoting carbene N-H insertion reactions across a broad range of substituted benzylamines and α-diazo acetates with high efficiency (82-99% conversion), elevated catalytic turnovers (up to 7,000), and excellent chemoselectivity for the desired single insertion product (up to 99%). The scope of this transformation could be extended to cyclic aliphatic amines. These studies expand the biocatalytic toolbox available for the selective formation of C-N bonds, which are ubiquitous in many natural and synthetic bioactive compounds.Schistosomiasis is a serious health problem in many parts of Africa which is linked to poor water quality and limited sanitation resources. We administered a discrete choice experiment on water access and health education in rural Uganda, focussing on interventions designed to reduce cases of the disease. Unlike previous studies, we included a payment vehicle of both labour hours supplied per week and money paid per month within each choice set. We were thus able to elicit both willingness to pay and willingness to work for alternative interventions. Respondents exhibit high demand for new water sources. From the random parameter model, only households with knowledge about water-borne parasites are price sensitive and exhibit willingness to pay values. Through a latent class model specification, higher income respondents exhibit higher willingness to pay values for all programme attributes; however, lower income participants have higher willingness to work values for certain new water sources. We found a shadow wage rate of labour that is between 15 and 55% of the market wage rate. © 2019 The Authors.Although not yet developed in Europe, second-use of traction batteries enables an extension of their lifetime and potentially improves life cycle environmental performance. Li-ion batteries (LIBs) offer the most promising chemistry for traction batteries in electric vehicles (xEVs) and for second-use. Due to the novelty of the topic and the expected increase of e-mobility in the next decades, more efforts to understand the potential consequences of second-use of batteries from different perspectives are needed. This paper develops a dynamic, parameterised Material Flow Analysis (MFA) model to estimate stocks and flows of LIBs after their removal from xEVs along the specific processes of the european value-chain. Direct reuse, second-use and recycling are included in the model and parameters make it customisable and updatable. Focusing on full and plug-in electric vehicles, LIBs and energy storage capacity flows are estimated. Stocks and flows of two embedded materials relevant for Europe were also assessed (cobalt and lithium). Results showed that second-use corresponds to a better exploitation of LIBs’ storage capacity. Meanwhile, Co and Li in-use stocks are locked in LIBs and their recovery is delayed by second-use; depending on the slower/faster development of second-use, the amount of Co available for recycling in 2030 ranges between 9% and 15% of Co demand and between 7 and 16% for Li. Uncertainty of inputs is addressed through sensitivity analysis. A variety of actors can use this MFA model to enhance knowledge of second-use of batteries in Europe and to support the effective management of LIBs along their value-chain. © 2019 The Authors.Background Focal reactive gingival overgrowths (FRGO) are a common observation in a clinical dental practice that may occur in response to external and internal chronic stimuli in form of fibrous connective tissue lesions in the oral mucosa. Gingiva is the most commonly involved site of oral reactive lesions. For the confirmed diagnosis of FRGO not only clinical, but the histopathological presentation of the lesion plays a vital role. Various surgical treatment modalities like a scalpel, cryosurgery, electrosurgery, and lasers have been applied in the management of FRGO. The laser is new treatment modality being employed for treatment of FRGO. Case report The purpose of this paper is to attempt short review on FRGO with the management of FRGO using diode laser. Here, we present effective management of peripheral giant cell granuloma and peripheral ossifying fibroma using diode laser. The follow-up of 01year showed no recurrence in both the cases. Conclusions Diode soft tissue laser has added advantages like a bloodless surgical field, reduced bacteremia, minimal intra and postoperative discomfort over conventional modalities. Thus it is highly effective in the surgical management of FRGO. 2019, Japan Medical Laser Laboratory.Background and aims Penetration of hydrogen peroxide into the pulp chamber and subsequent tooth hypersensitivity is a common concern in dental bleaching. The aim of this study was to assess the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into the pulp chamber in diode-laser activated bleaching with different laser wavelengths. Materials and methods Fifty extracted human maxillary anterior teeth were collected and divided into five groups(n = 10). Group 1 conventional in-office bleaching using Opalescence Boost gel. Group 2 Bleaching with Biolase Laser White 20 gel activated by 980 nm diode laser. Group 3 Bleaching with Biolase Laser White 20 gel activated by 810 nm diode laser. Group 4 Bleaching with Biolase Laser White 20 gel activated by 940 nm diode laser. Group 5 No bleaching control group.After bleaching, the solution into the pulp chamber was collected and analyzed using a spectrophotometer. The recorded data were compared with a standard sample and the results were analyzed and compared using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD tests.