Knowledge on medicine use was poor among people.

Laryngopharyngeal reflux is retrograde flow of contents of the stomach to the larynx and the pharynx. The study aims to compare two regimens (proton pump inhibitor monotherapy versus triple therapy) on the outcome of Helicobactor pylori positive laryngopharyngeal reflux disease.

The presence of laryngopharyngeal reflux was determined by reflux symptom index and reflux finding score. The presence of Helicobactor pylori in the tissue was confirmed by rapid urease test. GSH research buy All urease test negative laryngopharyngeal reflux patients were given a course of proton pump inhibitors and results were evaluated. All urease test positive patients were divided into two groups. One group was given a course of proton pump inhibitors and another group was given a course of triple therapy and the results were compared.

A total number of 704 laryngopharyngeal reflux patients were screened for urease test. Among them 138 patients (19.6 %) were urease test negative and were given proton pump inhibitor therapy. Improvement in both reflux finding score (average score 11.75) and reflux symptom index (average score 5.25) score was observed after 3 months with p-value<0.05. In urease test positive patients, improvement in scores was observed in both proton pump inhibitors and triple therapy group, however marked improvement in the clinical features was observed in triple therapy group with p-value<0.05.

The study reveals association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and Helicobactor pylori. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is sufficient if no Helicobactor pylori is detected, however incase of presence of Helicobactor pylori, triple therapy gives better results.

The study reveals association between laryngopharyngeal reflux and Helicobactor pylori. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is sufficient if no Helicobactor pylori is detected, however incase of presence of Helicobactor pylori, triple therapy gives better results.

Injury-related mortality and morbidity, a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is common among adolescents. However, there is insufficient information on the status and factors responsible for injury among adolescents in Nepal. Hence, the paper estimates the injury prevalence and identify the factors associated with it among adolescent Nepalese students.

This study used national representative cross-sectional data of the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2015. Complex sample analysis was performed after adjusting the selection probability of each sample participants to identify the correlates of injury among 6529 students of 68 schools in Nepal.

Out of 6529 study participants, 62.79% reported severe injury. The most common injury type was cut or stab wound (67.61%) followed by broken bone/dislocated joints (11.03%) and the most common cause of injury was fall (56.40%). Serious injury was significantly associated with a physical attack (AOR=1.54, CI=1.17-2.04), being involved in a physical fight (AOR=1.62, CI=1.2-2.2), being bullied (AOR=2.73, CI=2.25-3.31), feeling unsafe at school (AOR=1.53, CI=1.23-1.91), helmet use(never/rarely/sometimes) while driving a motorbike (AOR=1.69, CI=1.21-2.38) and drink and drive(AOR=2.28, CI=1.05-4.96).

This study reported the injury as a significant public health concern in Nepal associated with several factors like physical attack, being involved in a physical fight, being bullied, feeling unsafe at school, helmet use while driving motorbike and drink and drive. The high prevalence of injury in Nepal suggests the application of appropriate prevention strategies.

This study reported the injury as a significant public health concern in Nepal associated with several factors like physical attack, being involved in a physical fight, being bullied, feeling unsafe at school, helmet use while driving motorbike and drink and drive. The high prevalence of injury in Nepal suggests the application of appropriate prevention strategies.

In developing countries including Nepal, medicine is easy to purchase with or without prescription over the counter. People’s self-medication practice is a leading cause of antibiotic resistance. The purpose of this study was to assess self-medication practice and its influencing factors among rural people of Nepal.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from total 62 wards in rural Rolpa district of Nepal.The probability proportional to size was applied to select 6 wards, then 115 households from each ward was selected by applying systematic random sampling. Data collection was done by interviewing 720 household heads age 18 to 70 years old using a structured questionnaire in Nepal Results The proportion of regular self-medication practice was 54.6%. Among them, 96.4% practiced self-medication when they got diarrhea/dysentery and 94.2% when they got a stomach ache. The factors associated with self-medication practice included gender (OR=2.24,95%CI=0.23-0.42), age (OR=5.59,95%CI=3.68-8.47), religion(OR=0.The proportion of regular self-medication practice was 54.6%. Among them, 96.4% practiced self-medication when they got diarrhea/dysentery and 94.2% when they got a stomach ache. The factors associated with self-medication practice included gender (OR=2.24,95%CI=0.23-0.42), age (OR=5.59,95%CI=3.68-8.47), religion(OR=0.57,95%CI=0.42-0.77), family type (OR=4.00,95%CI=2.93-5.47), average income (OR=7.31,95%CI=5.04-10.56), decision making (OR=0.6,95%CI=0.44-0.82, health insurance(OR=1.64,95%CI=1.22-2.22), overall access to health service (OR=3.53,95%CI=2.55-4.90), and appraisal support(OR=2.24, 95%CI=1.66-3.02) Conclusions Prevalence of self-medication in rural areas of Rolpa district was high among female, older people Accessibility to health service should be improved to reduce risk of self-medication practice. The health promotion related with benefit and side effect from self-medication are important for high risk group i.e. people over 30 years .

Ultrasonography is widely used to evaluate the kidney status. Serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate assess the functional status of the kidney. This study tried to find the association between renal parameters in ultrasonography, serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate in patients with echogenic kidneys.

Study was done in 61 patients. Four sonographic renal parameters (renal echogenicity grade, renal length, cortical thickness, parenchymal thickness) were obtained from patients showing echogenic kidneys irrespective of cause during ultrasonography of abdomen. Glomerular filtration rate was calculated using Modified Diet in Renal Disease formula after obtaining patient’s serum creatinine level. Sonographic renal parameters were compared with serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and one-way ANOVA tests.

The study showed significant correlation of only renal echogenicity grade and parenchymal thickness with eGFR. However, all four sonographic renal parameters showed significant correlation with serum creatinine level.