The degree of rice tillering is an important agronomic trait that can be markedly affected by nitrogen supply. However, less is known about how nitrogen-regulated rice tillering is related to polar auxin transport. Compared with nitrate, ammonium induced tiller development and was paralleled with increased 3 H-indole-acetic acid (IAA) transport and greater auxin into the junctions. OsPIN9, an auxin efflux carrier, was selected as the candidate gene involved in ammonium-regulated tillering based on GeneChip data. Compared with wild-type plants, ospin9 mutants had fewer tillers, and OsPIN9 overexpression increased the tiller number. Additionally, OsPIN9 was mainly expressed in vascular tissue of the junction and tiller buds, and encoded a membrane-localised protein. Heterologous expression in Xenopus oocytes and yeast demonstrated that OsPIN9 is a functional auxin efflux transporter. More importantly, its RNA and protein levels were induced by ammonium but not by nitrate, and tiller numbers in mutants did not respond to nitrogen forms. Further advantages, including increased tiller number and grain yield, were observed in overexpression lines grown in the paddy field at a low-nitrogen rate compared with at a high-nitrogen rate. Our data revealed that ammonium supply and an auxin efflux transporter co-ordinately control tiller bud elongation in rice.Immunity is considered to be involved in the prevention of cancer. Although both humoral and cellular immune reactions may participate, underlying mechanisms have yet to be clarified. The present study was conducted to clarify this issue using a Drosophila model, in which neoplastic transformation was induced through the simultaneous inhibition of cell-cycle checkpoints and apoptosis. We first determined the location of hemocytes, blood cells of Drosophila playing a role of immune cells, in neoplasia-induced and normal larvae, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. When gene expression pattern in larval hemocytes was determined, the expression of immunity-related genes including those necessary for phagocytosis was reduced in the neoplasia model. We then asked the involvement of phagocytosis in the prevention of neoplasia examining animals where the expression of engulfment receptors instead of apoptosis was retarded. Torin 1 chemical structure We found that the inhibition of engulfment receptor expression augmented the occurrence of neoplasia induced by a defect in cell-cycle checkpoints. This suggested a role for phagocytosis in the prevention of neoplastic transformation in Drosophila.

FTO (fat mass and obesity-associated) gene is a well-known genetic risk factor for obesity. We investigated whether physical activity modulates the effect of FTO rs9939609 on obesity in Korean population.

The study analyzed the correlation between physical activity and obesity in 8840 individuals representing the Korea Association Resource (KARE). The association between obesity-related traits and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) was assessed using linear regression models. Physical activity was defined as 3 hours or more of daily intense activity.

Participants carrying rs9939609 (AT+AA) genotypes showed higher BMI compared with those carrying the wild-type (TT) homozygote. The highest significant association was observed between obesity-related traits (ß = .334, P value = 1.76 × 10

). FTO rs9939609 (AT+AA) increased the risk of obesity (OR = 1.42, CI [1.13-1.79]), which was correlated with BMI correlations. However, active exercise by subjects carrying the same genotype reduced the risk of obesity by nearly 2-fold (OR = 0.62, CI [0.25-0.84]). In contrast, TT genotype was not statistically significant in reducing the risk of obesity in the active exercise group.

Our results support a previous finding correlating FTO and obesity-related traits and suggest that the interaction with genetic variation and physical activity is an important risk factor for obesity.

Our results support a previous finding correlating FTO and obesity-related traits and suggest that the interaction with genetic variation and physical activity is an important risk factor for obesity.The results of the traditional prediction method for the activity of aminoquinoline drugs are inaccurate, so the prediction method for the activity of aminoquinoline drugs based on the deep learning is designed. The molecular holographic distance vector method was used to describe the molecular structure of 40 aminoquinoline compounds, and the principal component regression method was used for modeling and quantitative analysis. Two methods were used to predict the activity of aminoquinoline drugs. The correlation coefficients of the results obtained from the two sets of activity data and the cross test were 0.9438 and 0.9737, and 0.8305 and 0.9098, respectively. Our data suggested that method for the activity prediction of aminoquinoline drugs based on deep learning studied in this paper can better predict the activity of aminoquinoline drugs and provide a strong basis for the activity prediction of aminoquinoline drugs.Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a central mediator of cell adhesion, acting both as a scaffold and as catalytically active kinase. Acebrón et al (2020) use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) to visualize the dramatic structural changes that occur upon FAK recruitment to the plasma membrane, which releases FAK autoinhibition and induces its oligomerization. Since activity control via autoinhibition and protein clustering are features also utilized by other focal adhesion (FA) proteins, they have moved center stage in the endeavor to understand the complex process of cell adhesion regulation.Comprehensive approaches to youth violence prevention are needed to simultaneously address multiple risk factors across socioecological levels. ThrYve (Together Helping Reduce Youth Violence for Equity) is a collaborative initiative focused on addressing broader factors influencing youth violence, including social determinants of health. Using a participatory approach, the development of ThrYve is examined through an empirical case study. Through a Systems Advisory Board (SAB), ThrYve deploys multiple strategies that support cross-sector collaboration involving over 40 partners across 13 community sectors. Based on the Institute of Medicine’s model for public health action in communities, the SAB identified 87 change levers (i.e., program, policy, practice changes) to support community and systems-level improvements. As a result of the collaborative process, in the first couple of years, ThrYve facilitated 85 community actions and changes across sectors. The changes aligned with identified risk and resilience needs of the youth served in the community.