Blueberry and cranberry are rich in anthocyanins. The present study was to investigate the effects of anthocyanin extracts from blueberry and cranberry on body weight and gut microbiota.

C57BL/6J Mice were divided into six groups (n = 9 each) fed one of six diets namely low-fat diet (LFD), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD with the addition of 1% blueberry extract (BL), 2% blueberry extract (BH), 1% cranberry extract (CL), and 2% cranberry extract (CH), respectively.

Feeding BL and BH diets significantly decreased body weight gain by 20-23%, total adipose tissue weight by 18-20%, and total liver lipids by 16-18% compared with feeding HFD. Feeding CH diet but not CL diet reduced the body weight by 27%, accompanied by a significant reduction of total plasma cholesterol by 25% and tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) by 38%. The metagenomic analysis showed that the supplementation of blueberry and cranberry anthocyanin extracts reduced plasma lipopolysaccharide concentration, accompanied by a reduction in the relative abundance of Rikenella and Rikenellaceae. Dietary supplementation of berry anthocyanin extracts promoted the growth of Lachnoclostridium, Roseburia, and Clostridium_innocuum_group in genus level, leading to a greater production of fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA).

It was concluded that both berry anthocyanins could manage the body weight and favorably modulate the gut microbiota at least in mice.

It was concluded that both berry anthocyanins could manage the body weight and favorably modulate the gut microbiota at least in mice.Foot fractures are common injuries. This retrospective study evaluates their frequency, incidence, treatment and outcomes with emphasis on complex trauma of the foot (CTF), an injury that affects soft tissue as well as bone. From 2005 to 2015, 506 patients with foot fractures were treated at our institution; of these, 27 had CTF. The Zwipp score was applied to diagnose CTF, the Gustilo-Anderson classification to grade open fractures and the Tscherne classification to grade closed fractures. Twelve months after the trauma, 20 CTF patients underwent the final X-ray assessment and clinical evaluation with the Visual Analogue Scale Foot and Ankle (VASFA), the Foot Function Index (FFI) and the 12-Item Short Form Survey (SF-12). Data were analyzed with the Spearman rank correlation test. The forefoot was the most frequently involved compartment both in patients with foot fracture and in those with CTF. At 12-month follow-up, the CTF patients showed a VASFA score of 51.5, an FFI of 47.5 and SF-12 scores of 37.9 (physical component summary) and 45.2 (mental component summary). The VASFA score and the FFI showed a significant correlation (rs = 0.84; p = 0.001). CTF is the cause of considerable residual disability and deeply affects quality of life.

For fusion surgery in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) consensus exists that a 2-year radiographic follow-up assessment is needed. This standard lacks empirical evidence. The purpose of this study was to investigate the radiographic follow-up after corrective surgery in AIS, from pre-until 2years postoperative.

In this historical cohort study, 63 patients surgically treated for AIS, age ≤ 25years, with 2-year radiographic follow-up, were enrolled. The primary outcome measure was the major Cobb angle. Secondary outcomes were coronal and sagittal spino-pelvic parameters, including proximal junction kyphosis (PJK) and distal adding-on. Change over time was analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA.

The major curve Cobb angle showed a statistically significant change for pre- to 1year postoperative, but not for 1- to 2-year follow-up. Seven out of 63 patients did show a change exceeding the error of measurement (5°) from 1- to 2-year follow-up (range -8° to +7°), of whom 2 patients showed curve progression and 5 showed improvement. PJK or distal adding-on was not observed.

No statistically significant changes in major curve Cobb angle were found during postsurgical follow-up, or in adjacent non-fused segments. The findings of this study are not supportive for routine radiographs 2years after fusion surgery in AIS patients.

No statistically significant changes in major curve Cobb angle were found during postsurgical follow-up, or in adjacent non-fused segments. The findings of this study are not supportive for routine radiographs 2 years after fusion surgery in AIS patients.

To identify low back pain (LBP) trajectories from early adolescence through to early adulthood and to investigate whether sustained levels of elevated subclinical C-reactive protein (CRP) are linked with these LBP trajectories.

We analysed longitudinal data from 1513 participants who were enrolled in the Raine Study cohort. Data on LBP with impact on daily living and CRP were collected at the ages of 14, 17, 20, and 22. We constructed group-based trajectory models to identify discrete trajectories of LBP with impact. We then evaluated how the CRP trajectories and the LBP with impact trajectories evolved jointly over time using a multi-trajectory analysis.

The model identified three LBP trajectories. selleckchem One subgroup included almost half the participants (46.1%) who had a consistently low probability of LBP. Another subgroup comprising 43.5% of participants had an increasing probability of LBP, while one in ten participants (10.4%) had a decreasing probability of LBP. There were no associations between elevated CRP and LBP trajectory subgroup membership.

Although young people follow distinct trajectories of LBP, CRP trajectories do not appear to be a distinguishing factor of the LBP trajectories. Previously reported associations between CRP and LBP may be explained by comorbidity or other factors. Future studies undertaking trajectory analysis should consider comorbidity clusters.

Diagnostic individual cross-sectional studies with the consistently applied reference standard and blinding.

Diagnostic individual cross-sectional studies with the consistently applied reference standard and blinding.

The common peroneal nerve (CPN) can be injured during fibular-based posterolateral reconstructions due to its close relationship to the neck of the fibula. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to observe the course of the CPN and its branches around the fibular head and neck and quantify the position in relation to relevant bony landmarks and observe the relation between tunnel drilling for posterolateral corner reconstruction and both the tunnel entry and exit at the proximal fibula and the CPN and its branches was observed.

In 101 (mean age = 70.6 ± 16years) embalmed cadaver knees, the relationship between bony landmarks (tibial tuberosity, styloid process of fibula (APR)) and the CPN and its branches were established and 8 (M1-M8) distances from these landmarks measured; mean, SD and 95% CI were recorded. In 21 of these knees, a fibula tunnel was drilled as in PLC reconstruction and the association of the CPN and its branches to the tunnel entry and exit were judged by two independent observers. Fisher’s exact test of independence was used to determine significant differences between genders.