Our method is expected to provide a new strategy for analytical study and single-particle sensing in chemistry.During the flow of non-Newtonian fluids in porous media, the relationships between macroscopic quantities are governed by extremely complex microscopic fluid dynamics resulting from solid-fluid interactions. Consequently, the Darcy-scale viscosity exhibited by a shear-thinning fluid depends on the injection velocity, contrarily to the case of Newtonian fluids. In the present work, pore network modelling is used to investigate the relationships between local and macroscopic viscosities during the flow of shear-thinning fluids in 3D porous media. Special efforts are devoted to 1) identifying the influence of the viscosity exhibited by the fluid within the constrictions of the preferential flow paths on the value of Darcy-scale viscosity and 2) proposing an analytical expression to upscale viscosity from the local viscosity values. To go further, the reduction in average hydraulic tortuosity stemming from the directional nature of shear-thinning behavior in 3D porous media will also be quantified. The results of the present study show that Darcy-scale viscosity can be accurately calculated as the flow-rate weighted average of local viscosities in the investigated media. Moreover, the velocity maps provided by the proposed pore network flow simulations are suitable to assess hydraulic tortuosity reduction as compared to the flow of a Newtonian fluid.Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been emerged as a promising support for immobilizing enzymes owing to the tunable porosity, high surface area, and structural diversity. However, most of these possess nanometer size and small pores, which are difficult to recover them from the reaction medium and present low immobilization efficiency and protein loading capacity, and high substrate diffusion limitations. Herein, a novel magnetic amino-functionalized zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) with 3D highly ordered macroporous structure was synthesized using the assembled polystyrene (PS) nanosphere monoliths as a template. Subsequently, catalase (CAT) molecules were immobilized on the surface of macroporous magnetic ZIF-8 and inside the macropores by precipitation, covalent binding and cross-linking. The resultant immobilized CAT showed high immobilization efficiency (58%) and protein loading capacity (29%), leading to 500% higher activity than the immobilized CAT on ZIF-8 (CAT/ZIF-8). Meanwhile, the immobilized CAT could be easily recovered with a magnet without obvious activity loss. The traditional CAT/ZIF-8 lost its activity after 6 cycles, whereas, the immobilized CAT retained 90% activity of its initial activity after reusing for 8 cycles, indicating excellent reusability. In conclusion, this study provides a facile and efficient approach to immobilize enzymes on/in MOFs with enhanced activity and excellent recyclability.The development of easily recyclable non-noble metal plasmonic photocatalysts with high performance is highly desired for the removal of Cr(VI). Herein, the in-situ growth of plasmonic-bismuth (Bi) combined with magnetic ferroferric (Fe3O4) nanoparticles on biochar (BC) was realized by a facile high temperature calcination. BC/Bi/Fe3O4 exhibits broad photoabsorption from 200 to 2000 nm. The weaker photoluminescence (PL) spectrum or stronger photocurrent density confirmed its higher separation efficiency of photogenerated carriers than that of BC or Bi/Fe3O4. Under visible light irradiation, BC/Bi/Fe3O4 exhibits excellent adsorption-photocatalytic performance for Cr(VI) (95%) in 180 min. With BC/Bi/Fe3O4 as a working electrode, the higher removal efficiency (97%) was achieved than that using BC/Bi (65%), BC/Fe3O4 (79%) or Bi/Fe3O4 (66%) after 160 min under visible light irradiation, rooting from wide spectral absorption and efficient separation of photogenerated carriers. BC/Bi/Fe3O4 can be easily recycled by magnetism with good stability. This work not only provides ideas for the preparation of surface plasma resonance (SPR) semiconductor photocatalyst for removing heavy metal, but also realizes the resource utilization of agricultural and forestry waste.2D Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoplatelets were synthesized via a green bottom-up strategy using non-toxic l-Cysteine as sulfur source. Thehydrophobic MoS2 nanoplatelets assisted by hydrophilic 3-(3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA) were coated on a thin film composite nanofiltration (TFC-NFG) membrane. The accelerated fouling experiments were conducted by usingbovine serum albumin (BSA) asmodel organic foulant,and MoS2 coated membrane demonstrated excellent resistance with almost no flux decline within first hour of filtration, whereas the uncoated membrane showed flux decline immediately from the beginning of the experiment. Bafetinib nmr After 5-hour filtration, the flux reduced by only 26% for MoS2 coated membrane with a higher flux recovery rate of 85.4% after washing by de-ionized (DI) water, whereas 45% flux decline was observed for uncoated membrane with lower flux recovery of 68%.These antifouling effects attributed by MoS2coated membrane were underpinned by combined unique interfacial properties offered by 2D tri-atomic layered MoS2morphology including dispersive surface tension, reduced surface roughness, weaker MoS2-foulant interactive forces, and negatively charged surface. This research positively confirms the role of 2D MoS2 nanoplatelets as an anti-fouling coating on membranes and brings up more possibility for applying other nanomaterials in 2D family in water applications such as desalination and water treatment.Copper thiocyanate (CuSCN) has been considered as a promising hole transport material (HTMs), attributing to its inherent stability, low-cost, and suitable energy levels. To make it more attractive in practical applications, the drawbacks of CuSCN in poor charge transport and serious defect recombination are bottlenecks that need to be overcome. In this work, we propose an effective strategy of in-situ decorating CuSCN with copper sulfide quantum dots (CuS QDs), a simple one-step electrochemical deposition process, to solve these issues. Compared with the pristine CuSCN, the constructed Z-Scheme heterojunction of CuS QDs/CuSCN can significantly promote charge transport and restrict recombination. In addition, the decorated CuS QDs can not only passivate defects of CuSCN, but also provide more contacting sites to facilitate hole injection when employing as HTM. As a result, the average bulk charge lifetime was improved from 0.37 ms to 0.47 ms, and the surface recombination rate constant was suppressed. We believe that the excellent performances will pave it toward practical device applications, including solar cells, photocatalysis, photoelectrochemical sensors, and light-emitting diodes.