The high-accuracy, low-profile and reduced energy requirements make the distance ranger suitable for low-power vision corrective applications such as smart contact lenses.X-ray phase contrast imaging generates contrast from refraction of X-rays unlike absorption in conventional radiology. That enhances visualization of soft tissues, often at a reduced absorption radiation. Our goal is to develop a contrast agent for X-ray in-line phase contrast imaging based on ultrasound microbubbles (MBs), by assessing size, shell material, and concentration. We constructed MBs with two different shell materials phospholipid and polyvinyl-alcohol (PVA). Polydisperse perfluorobutane-core lipid-MBs were size separated using centrifugation into five groups between 1 and 10 μm. BMS-265246 mw We generated two size populations of air-core PVA-MBs, 2 and 3 μm and 3-4 μm, whose shells were either coated or integrated with iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs). Microbubbles were then embedded in agar at three concentrations 5×107, 5×106 and 5×105 MBs/ml. In-line phase contrast imaging was performed at Canadian Light Source with filtered white beam micro computed tomography. Phase contrast intensity was measured by counting detectable MBs, and comparing the mean pixel values (MPV) in minimum and maximum intensity projections. We can detect lipid-MBs 6-10 μm, lipid-MBs 4-6 μm and PVA-MBs coated with SPIONs at every concentration. With MPV, both lipid-MBs 6-10 μm and 4-6 μm showed an increase in positive contrast at high concentration, whereas only lipid-MBs 6-10 μm showed a significance at moderate concentration. Substantial changes in negative contrast were also seen from two largest lipid-MBs at high concentration. These data indicate that lipid-MBs larger than 4 μm are candidates for in-line phase contrast imaging, and 5×106 MBs/ml may be the lowest concentration suitable for generating visible phase contrast in vivo.Background Concomitant aphasia and depression after stroke is highly prevalent, but there is a lack of psychological care in stroke rehabilitation for people with aphasia and family members. Evidence-based frameworks such as stepped psychological care may be viable, but the barriers and facilitators to translating this framework into aphasia rehabilitation practice are unknown. Aim The aim of this study was to identify, from the perspective of stroke health professionals, the barriers and facilitators to implementing stepped psychological care for depression after post-stroke aphasia. Method Five semi-structured focus groups of stroke health professionals were conducted (n = 39) across the stroke care continuum. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Interpretive Description. Results Barriers and facilitators were identified within three core themes knowledge, skills, and attitudes have the most impact on implementing stepped psychological care; the physical environment impacts on managing depression and communication disability for people with aphasia; and the support and leadership of the health organization influence change in any implementation of a stepped psychological care approach. Barriers included no experience with stepped psychological care; limited understanding of aphasia and communication support; lack of adequate physical space and resources; lack of psychologists. Facilitators included specialist training; enhancement of physical spaces; communication tools; leadership; funding; specialized staff. Conclusion Addressing the identified barriers and facilitators to stepped psychological care will improve the viability of implementing this evidence-based framework after post-stroke aphasia. Change may be driven through specialist training for health professionals in communication support; mood assessment and treatments; modification of physical space; and accessible resources.Tuberous sclerosis complex is a common neurocutaneous disorder that predominantly affects the brain, skin, eyes, heart and kidneys. The management of tuberous sclerosis complex has been revolutionised with vigabatrin for spasms and everolimus for angiomyolipomas and seizures. We describe a 10-year-old girl with generalised tonic-clonic seizures whose diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex was made in view of the presence of a forehead plaque. Certain clinical pointers such as ashleaf macules, café-au-lait spots, shagreen patches and forehead plaques must therefore be looked for in a child with unprovoked seizures.Widespread public engagement with antibiotic stewardship is essential to stem the rising incidence of antibiotic-resistant infections; however, campaigns that focus on increasing knowledge have not been effective. Beliefs about who is responsible for causing and solving antibiotic resistance (AR) likely influences engagement in antibiotic stewardship behaviors. This study assesses the U.S. public’s AR causal and solution responsibility attributions and the capacity for changing these attributions to inform future antibiotic stewardship campaigns. U.S. participants (N= 1,014) diverse across race, education, and geographic region were surveyed on their beliefs about responsibility for AR for themselves, the general public, healthcare providers, scientists, and drug companies. Substantial percentages of participants held causal and solution beliefs about antibiotic resistance that likely inhibit antibiotic stewardship behaviors. Participants’ beliefs that they and the general public are responsible for causing and solving AR were lower than their beliefs that healthcare providers, scientists, and drug companies are responsible. Beliefs about causal responsibility for any given person or group were significantly and positively associated with beliefs about solution responsibility for that same person or group. Responsibility beliefs differed by age, education level, and racial/ethnic background. Results highlight the need for antibiotic stewardship campaigns to incorporate responsibility attribution messaging to motivate stewardship.Human intestinal spirochetosis (HIS) is a possible cause of chronic diarrhoea and affects mainly men who have sex with men (MSM) and people living with HIV. Diagnosis is based on colon biopsy, where spirochetes can be observed on the luminal surface, especially with the Warthin-Starry stain or similar silver stains. We conducted a retrospective descriptive study of all HIS cases diagnosed in two sexually transmitted infections (STI) centres in Barcelona from 2009 until 2018. The medical histories were reviewed to gather epidemiological, clinical, and diagnostic variables. Six patients were diagnosed with HIS. All the individuals were MSM, with a median age of 31.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 29.5;49.25) and half of them were living with HIV. Five patients reported condomless anal intercourse and 4 patients had practised oro-anal sex previously. Concomitantly, two of them had rectal gonorrhoea, one had rectal Chlamydia trachomatis and none of them had syphilis. The predominant clinical symptom was diarrhoea (5 patients).