Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that progresses very rapidly and has a poor prognosis. Some studies indicate that the level of inflammatory cytokines may be related to MSA. However, no consistent conclusion has been drawn yet. The purpose of our research is to perform a meta-analysis to investigate whether the level of inflammatory cytokines is altered in MSA.

Case-control studies on inflammatory cytokine levels in MSA will be searched in the following 3 databases PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from the database start time to March 17, 2020. Two independent authors will conduct research selection, data extraction, and quality evaluation. Data synthesis, subgroup analysis, sensitivity analysis, and the meta-analysis will be performed using Stata15.0 software.

This study will provide a comprehensive review of all studies on inflammatory cytokine levels in MSA.

To the best of our knowledge, this study will be the first meta-analysis that provides the quantitative evidence of inflammatory cytokine levels in MSA.

INPLASY202060034.

INPLASY202060034.

It is still not clear if the contralateral side should be explored in children with unilateral inguinal hernias. The primary aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of metachronous contralateral inguinal hernias (MCIHs) in the pediatric population. The second aim was to assess factors associated with increased risk of MCIH development.

Prospective studies including patients from 0-19 years undergoing unilateral inguinal hernia repair without surgical exploration of the contralateral side between 1947 and April 2020 with a minimal follow-up of one year were searched. Searches included EMBASE, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Seven studies involving 1774 children (1452 boys (82%) and 322 girls (18%) were identified. Overall the incidence of MCIH was 6%. Incidence of MCIH development was significantly higher in children with initial left-sided (9%) versus right-sided (3%) hernia (OR 2.55 with 95% CI from 1.56 to 4.17; P = 0.0002), in female (8%) versus male (4%) children (OR 1.74 with 95% CI from 1.01 to 3.01; P = 0.0469) and in patients with open (14%) versus closed (3%) contralateral processus vaginalis (CPV) (OR 4.17 with 95% CI from 1.25 to 13.9; P = 0.0202). There was no significant difference in MCIH development depending on follow-up duration (follow-up of ≤2 years (i.e. 1-2 years) calculated MCIH incidence 5% (95% CI from 0.00 to 0.11%; 3 studies; 569 patients), follow-up of ≥3 years (i.e. 3-4 years) 6% (95% CI from 0.03 to 0.09; 3 studies, 983 patients)) or patients’ age (MCIH incidence in children <1 year 6.9%; older children 4.5%; OR 1.87 with 95% CI from 0.97 to 3.62; P = 0.0618).

Overall incidence of MCIH development is 6%. Initial left-sided hernia, female gender and open CPV are risk factors for MCIH development.

Overall incidence of MCIH development is 6%. Initial left-sided hernia, female gender and open CPV are risk factors for MCIH development.

Renal masses are increasingly being discovered because of the wide accessibility of modern high resolution imaging procedures. Previous clinical studies have reported that acoustic radiation force impulse imaging (ARFI) is used for diagnosis of renal masses. However, no study has investigated this topic systematically. Therefore, this study will evaluate the diagnostic value of ARFI for the diagnosis of renal masses.

A systematic search using the databases of Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Pubmed, WANGFANG, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure will be performed to identify studies in which patients with renal masses are assessed by ARFI. Two investigators will independently screen the literature and extract the data. Any discrepancies will be resolved via discussion with the senior author. Study quality will be assessed by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool, and pooled sensitivity and specificity of various ARFI findings for the diagnosis of renal masses will be determined. Summary receiver operating characteristic curve will be used to assess the overall performance of ARFI.

This study will evaluate the diagnostic value of ARFI for the diagnosis of renal masses through sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio.

This study will summarize the most recent evidence that focusing on the diagnosis of ARFI for renal masses.

INPLASY202060105.

INPLASY202060105.

Numerous studies using a variety of non-invasive neuroimaging techniques in vivo have demonstrated that chronic pain (CP) is associated with brain alterations. Cortical thickness (CTh) via surface-based morphometry (SBM) analysis of magnetic resonance imaging data is a valid and sensitive method to investigate the structure of brain gray matter. Many studies have employed SBM to measure CTh difference between patients with CP and pain-free controls and provided important insights into the brain basis of CP. However, the findings from these studies were inconsistent and have not been quantitatively reviewed.

Three major electronic medical databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for eligible studies published in English on April 3, 2020. This protocol was prepared based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. The Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images software package will be employed to conducted a coordinate-based meta-analysis (CBMA) to identify consistent CTh differences between patients with CP and pain-free controls. Several complementary analyses, including sensitivity analysis, heterogeneity analysis, publication bias, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression analysis, will be further conducted to test the robustness of the results.

This CBMA will tell us whether CP with different subtypes shares common CTh alterations and what the pattern of its characterized alterations is.

To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first CBMA of SBM studies that characterizes brain CTh alterations in CP. The CBMA will provide the quantitative evidence of common brain cortical morphometry of CP. 10058-F4 in vitro The findings will help us to understand the neural basis underlying CP.

INPLASY202050069.

INPLASY202050069.