The way autistic individuals use language often gives the impression that they are not considering how much information listeners need in a given context. The same child can give too much information in one context (e.g. saying ‘the big cup’ with only one cup present) and too little information in another context (e.g. entering a room and announcing ‘the red one’ when the listener has no prior knowledge regarding what this refers to). We asked whether many autistic children particularly struggle to tailor their language appropriately in situations where this means changing how they have previously described something. That is, if a speaker has recently described an object as ‘the cup’, the need to switch to describing it as ‘the big cup’ could hinder the speaker’s ability to use language in a context-appropriate way. We found that switching descriptions indeed makes it more difficult for children to use language in a context-appropriate way, but that this effect did not play out differently for autistic vercould indeed take listener informational needs into account. Applied professionals should consider whether a requirement to change the way the child has previously said something may hinder a child’s ability to communicate effectively.

Multiple treatment modalities are utilised in the management of skin scarring, however, due to high recurrence rates and unknown resolution rates it can be difficult to assess if treatment is suitable or effective for the individual patient in particular in the case of raised dermal scarring. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate these treatments and provide accurate scar assessment pre- & post-therapy in order to quantify scar characteristics using objective assessment tools, particularly non-invasive devices. Recent Advances There have been a number of emerging non-invasive objective quantitative devices which assess specific scar parameters such as pliability, firmness, volume, colour, perfusion and depth. These can include 3-dimensional imaging, optical coherence tomography, in vivo confocal microscopy, full-field laser perfusion imaging and spectrophotometric intracutaneous analysis.

Clinical assessment and grading scales are most commonly used to assess scarring, however, there is a need for movelop a tool which measures the metabolic and cellular activity in scars in order to tailor treatment to each individual.

Limited eye contact and difficulty tracking where others are looking are common in people with autism spectrum disorder. It is unclear, however, whether these are specifically social differences; it is possible that they are a result of broader alterations in engaging and disengaging visual attention. We used eye-tracking technology with children with autism spectrum disorder (

= 35) and typical development (

= 32), showing them both social and nonsocial imaging to test their visual attention. Children with autism spectrum disorder had a significant difference in how long it took them to look from an image in the middle to one on the side, depending on whether the middle image stayed on the screen or flashed off before the one on the side appeared. This difference was present for both social and nonsocial images, and was related to cognitive ability for only the children with autism spectrum disorder. Our findings suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder have differences in general processes to one on the side, depending on whether the middle image stayed on the screen or flashed off before the one on the side appeared. This difference was present for both social and nonsocial images, and was related to cognitive ability for only the children with autism spectrum disorder. Our findings suggest that children with autism spectrum disorder have differences in general processes of engaging visual attention that are not specifically social in nature, and that these processes may relate to cognitive ability in autism spectrum disorder. Affected processes of visual engagement in autism spectrum disorder may contribute to symptoms like reduced eye contact, but social-specific symptoms of autism spectrum disorder likely do not stem from reduced visual engagement alone.This review aimed to explore how wish-granting interventions impact on the health and well-being of children with life-threatening health conditions and their families, using any study design. Six electronic databases (Medline; PsycINFO; CINAHL; Embase; AMED and HMIC) were systematically searched to identify eligible research articles. Studies were critically appraised using a Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Findings were synthesized narratively. 10 papers were included, reporting studies conducted across five countries, published from 2007 to 2019. Study designs were diverse (four quantitative; two qualitative and four mixed method). Results indicated improvements to physical and mental health, quality of life, social well-being, resilience and coping for wish children, parents and siblings. In conclusion, wish-granting interventions can positively impact health and therefore should not be discouraged; however, more research is needed to define and quantify the impact of wish fulfilment and to understand how it can be maximized.Statins are recommended for first-line management of elevated cholesterol in the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Statins may occasionally be associated with mild transaminase elevations but can also result in life-threatening liver injury. Atorvastatin is the most common cause of clinically significant liver injury in this drug class. We report a case of severe, asymptomatic liver injury in a hepatocellular pattern in a 71-year-old man occurring within 3 months of switching from simvastatin to high-intensity atorvastatin therapy. Hepatitis improved rapidly with cessation of atorvastatin and did not recur after resuming simvastatin.COVID-19 pandemic has reduced the access of HIV patients to reference centers. read more However, retention-in-care is critical to maintain adherence to therapy and viral suppression. During lockdown in Italy, our center implemented several measures to ensure HIV-care continuum. To assess whether these efforts were successful, we investigated HIV viral load trend in our patients over a one-year period (September 2019-August 2020), which included lockdown and partial lockdown months in our country. No significant changes overtime in the proportion of undetectable HIV-RNA were observed. Continuity of service made it possible to maintain viral suppression in our patients.