Studies regarding the influence of green coffee extract (GCE) on blood glucose levels are conflicting. Thus, we sought to conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review of all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to quantify the effects of GCE and CGA intervention on blood glucose and insulin levels. We performed systematic online searches in Scopus, Web of science, and PubMed databases, from inception to July 2019. Data were combined analyzed using a random effects model (Der Simonian-Laird method) and reported as weighted mean differences (WMD). Ten trials reported the influences of GCE on FBS and insulin and were subsequently entered into the meta-analysis. Combined results highlighted that FBS was significantly altered after GCE consumption (WMD -1.791 mg/dl, 95% CI -3.404, -0.177), with no significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 35.0%, p = .128). However, overall results demonstrated that GCE administration did not result in any significant alteration in insulin levels (WMD -0.925 μU/ml, 95% CI-1.915, 0.064), with significant heterogeneity found across studies (I2 = 87.9%). In sub-group analysis, insulin levels were significantly reduced when GCE was supplemented in dosages of ≥400 mg/day (WMD-1.942 mg/dl, 95% CI-1.184, -0.975; I2 = 0.0%). The results of present study support the use of GCE for the enhancement of blood glucose, while subgroup analysis highlighted significant improvements in insulin levels when GCE is supplemented in doses ≥400 mg/day. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.BACKGROUND Percutaneous ultrasound (US)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of adrenal gland lesions is controversial in veterinary medicine. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the frequency and radiologists’ perception of the risk of the procedure as well as determining the incidence of complications. METHODS Retrospective study. A first survey was submitted by e-mail to all board-certified radiologists of the American College of Veterinary Radiology (ACVR) and European College of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging (ECVDI). A second survey was sent to radiologists who declared having performed the procedure at least once in their career (observational cross-sectional case study). RESULTS The first survey was sent to 977 diplomates and answered by 138. Of 138 diplomates, 40 currently performed the procedure and 98 did not; 44 of the 98 gave the hypertensive crisis risk in pheochromocytoma as a reason. To the second survey, 12 of 65 responded positively; 50 dogs with 58 lesions were recruited, including 23 pheochromocytomas. Complications were reported in 4 of 50 dogs; 3 hemorrhages (1 mild and 1 moderate) and 1 death from acute respiratory distress syndrome (possibly related to laryngeal paralysis). No hypertensive crisis was reported. There was no relationship between the method of FNA/type of needle used and occurrence of complications. Based on the recollection of these 65 radiologists, who performed approximately 200 FNA of adrenal lesions, a death rate of approximately 1% was estimated. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Percutaneous US-guided FNA of adrenal lesions can be considered a minimally risky procedure, despite the negative perception by radiologists. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.Tubular ATP release is regulated by mechanosensation of fluid shear stress (FSS). Polycystin-1/polycystin-2 (PC1/PC2) functions as a mechanosensory complex in the kidney. Extracellular ATP is implicated in polycystic kidney disease (PKD), where PC1/PC2 is dysfunctional. This study aims to provide new insights into the ATP signaling under physiological conditions and PKD. Microfluidics, pharmacologic inhibition, and loss-of-function approaches were combined to assess the ATP release in mouse distal convoluted tubule 15 (mDCT15) cells. Kidney-specific Pkd1 knockout mice (iKsp-Pkd1-/- ) and zebrafish pkd2 morphants (pkd2-MO) were as models for PKD. FSS-exposed mDCT15 cells displayed increased ATP release. Pannexin-1 inhibition and knockout decreased FSS-modulated ATP release. In iKsp-Pkd1-/- mice, elevated renal pannexin-1 mRNA expression and urinary ATP were observed. In Pkd1-/- mDCT15 cells, elevated ATP release was observed upon the FSS mechanosensation. In these cells, increased pannexin-1 mRNA expression was observed. Importantly, pannexin-1 inhibition in pkd2-MO decreased the renal cyst growth. DNA Repair inhibitor Our results demonstrate that pannexin-1 channels mediate ATP release into the tubular lumen due to pro-urinary flow. We present pannexin-1 as novel therapeutic target to prevent the renal cyst growth in PKD. © 2020 The Authors. The FASEB Journal published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology.Whether hemodiafiltration (HDF) is better than conventional hemodialysis (HD) in improving left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), defined as reduction of the left ventricular mass index (LVMi) and increasing the ejection fraction (EF), is unclear. A systematic literature search was performed. Primary outcome was the mean difference between pre- and post-procedural LVMi. Secondary outcome was the mean difference in EF. Seven studies with a total of 845 patients were included. The pooled mean difference between pre-and post-procedural LVMi was -8.0 g/m2 (95% confidence interval [CI] -13.1, -2.8). On subgroup analysis, the mean differences between pre- and post-procedural LVMi for HD and HDF were -6.7 g/m2 (95% CI -14.5, 1.1) and -9.3 g/m2 (95% CI -16.3, -2.3), respectively (P for subgroups = .62). Pooled mean difference between pre- and post-procedural EF was 2.4% (95% CI -1.8, 6.5). On subgroup analysis, the mean differences between pre- and post-procedural EF for HD and HDF were 3.6% (95% CI -2.7, 9.8) and 2.0% (95% CI 2.9, 6.8), respectively (P for subgroups = .68). On meta-regression, age (Beta -0.35 ± 0.05, P  less then  .001) and longer dialysis duration (Beta -0.12 ± 0.02, P  less then  .001) were associated with lower mean difference between pre-and post-procedural EF. No significant effects on changes in LVMi and EF were observed with HDF compared with conventional HD. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.