While older respondents scored worse/lower in physical and role functioning, emotional functioning scores appeared to increase with increasing age. For the symptom scales/items, some symptoms were relatively stable across age groups, while others either increased or decreased with increasing age.

This study presents updated EORTC QLQ-C30 general population norm data for Germany that can readily be used for comparative purposes with data obtained from patients with cancer.

This study presents updated EORTC QLQ-C30 general population norm data for Germany that can readily be used for comparative purposes with data obtained from patients with cancer.

The benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) stage III colon cancer has been demonstrated in numerous studies. selleck chemical While adjuvant chemotherapy is generally not recommended in stage II patients, its role in high-risk UICC stage II disease (e.g. T4 tumours) remains controversial.

The present population-based multicenter cohort study investigated the influence of adjuvant chemotherapy on survival and recurrence rates in high-risk UICC stage II T4N0M0 tumours. Based on an anonymised nationwide ADT data set from 31 clinical cancer registries, we identified a total of 6651 patients with a T4 tumour of the colon, of whom 6131 were eligible for survival analysis. A matched-pair analysis based on propensity scores (PSM) was performed with a subset of 3986 patients.

Multivariable analyses demonstrated a significant benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy for overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR] 0.711, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.643-0.785, p<0.001), cumulative recurrence rate (HR 0.780, 95% CI 0.681-0.893, p<0.001), and recurrence-free survival (HR 0.715, 95% CI 0.652-0.785, p<0.001) further confirmed by the matched-pair cohort.

This large and representative study demonstrated a significant advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with T4 UICC stage II colon cancer in terms of OS, recurrence rate, and relapse-free survival. Based on these results, adjuvant chemotherapy should be recommended for these patients.

This large and representative study demonstrated a significant advantage of adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with T4 UICC stage II colon cancer in terms of OS, recurrence rate, and relapse-free survival. Based on these results, adjuvant chemotherapy should be recommended for these patients.Climate warming impacts biological systems profoundly. Climatologists deliver predictions about warming amplitude at coarse scales. Nevertheless, insects are small, and it remains unclear how much of the warming at coarse scales appears in the microclimates where they live. We propose a simple method for determining the pertinent spatial scale of insect microclimates. Recent studies have quantified the ability of forest understory to buffer thermal extremes, but these microclimates typically are characterized at spatial scales much larger than those determined by our method. Indeed, recent evidence supports the idea that insects can be thermally adapted even to fine scale microclimatic patterns, which can be highly variable. Finally, we discuss how microhabitat surfaces may buffer or magnify the amplitude of climate warming.

To explore strategies enabling competitive athletes to manage re-injury fears or anxieties, facilitating return to competitive sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Qualitative study.

University.

Ten athletes with ACLR within the last 5 years who had returned to competitive sport with a minimum 7/10 Tegner Activity score.

Semi-structured interviews, recorded, transcribed and analysed using interpretive description.

Three main themes. “Driving reasons to return to sport” included the athletic identity, the competitive team spirit and commitment; “Preparation of body and mind” encompassed connectedness with health professionals, coaches, the sports team and family, graded exposure and progression of physical tasks, and psychological or cognitive skills to improve mental toughness; “Risk Acceptance” entailed situational risk analysis, problem solving, and avoidance of unacceptable risk and acceptance of risk and responsibility.

Participants described intrinsic and extrinsic motivators as drivers for rehabilitation. Interactions with therapists, coaches and team members enhanced confidence, supported by both physical rehabilitation and psychological influences. Psychological strategies were essential for several participants to return to sport. Graded sports exposure, leading towards total immersion in training and competition, appears important to manage re-injury fear following ACLR.

Participants described intrinsic and extrinsic motivators as drivers for rehabilitation. Interactions with therapists, coaches and team members enhanced confidence, supported by both physical rehabilitation and psychological influences. Psychological strategies were essential for several participants to return to sport. Graded sports exposure, leading towards total immersion in training and competition, appears important to manage re-injury fear following ACLR.

Compare anterior pericapsular muscle activity between individuals with and without femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) during dynamic tasks, to investigate whether muscle activity is consistent with a role in retracting the capsule to prevent impingement and active restraint of the femoral head in walking.

Cross-sectional.

University-laboratory.

Thirteen athletes with FAIS and 13 pain-free controls.

Muscle activity was recorded using fine-wire (Iliocapsularis, iliacus and anterior gluteus minimus) and surface (rectus femoris) electromyography (EMG), during three hip flexion tasks (active and assisted hip flexion; squatting) and four walking trials.

Iliocapsularis EMG amplitude was no different between active and assisted hip flexion tasks around 90° of hip flexion in FAIS. There was no difference in EMG between groups in squatting. The pattern of burst activity preceding peak hip extension in iliacus, iliocapsularis, and anterior gluteus minimus was similar in both groups during walking.

In FAIS, similar activation of iliocapsularis during active and assisted hip flexion, despite reduced flexion torque demand in the latter, suggests a role in capsular retraction or enhanced hip joint protection.