They also began a discussion of how a comparable framework to assess potential benefits could be developed.Objectives The objective of this population-based study was to identify factors associated with insulin pump therapy initiation in adults with insulin-requiring diabetes in France in 2015. Method People with insulin-requiring diabetes and their characteristics were identified from the national health data system. Factors associated with insulin pump therapy initiation were identified by logistic regression analysis. Results The study focused on 614,913 adults with diabetes treated by multiple daily injections before 2015 4,083 of them initiated insulin pump therapy during the year (71% of them had type 1 diabetes, T1D). Selleck DMXAA Factors associated with insulin pump therapy initiation were the number of consultations with an endocrinologist within the last two years (2 vs 0, OR = 1.5, p less then 0.01), the presence of a chronic cardiovascular or neurovascular disease (OR = 1.6 for T1D, OR = 1.3 for T2D, p less then 0.01) and treatment with antidepressants/anxiolytics (OR = 1.2 for T1D, OR = 1.4 for T2D, p less then 0.01). The other determinants were female gender (OR= 1.5, p less then 0.01) and history of hospitalisation for acute metabolic complications (OR= 1.14, p less then 0.01) in T1D. Factors associated with less insulin pump therapy initiation were age, duration of diabetes, end-stage renal disease and social deprivation (OR=0.662, p less then 0.01, T1D only). Conclusion Predictive factors of insulin pump therapy initiation in people with insulin-requiring diabetes in 2015 in France were globally consistent with clinical practice guidelines. Age, male gender, and social deprivation, are still associated with a lower rate of insulin pump therapy initiation in adults with T1D.Importance Despite favorable results with conventionally irradiated homologous costal cartilage, there have been no clinical studies to date evaluating the utility of non- or minimally irradiated homologous costal cartilage (NIHCC) in rhinoplasty. Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of NIHCC in primary and revision rhinoplasty. Design, Setting, and Participants We conducted a retrospective medical record review of patients undergoing primary and revision rhinoplasty between January 2010 and December 2014. Twenty-six patients who underwent primary or revision rhinoplasty with NIHCC were identified. Patient follow-up ranged from 2 to 43.2 months (mean 15.9 months) at the study took place in a single-center private practice, and surgery was performed by the two senior authors. Twenty-seven consecutive patients who underwent primary or revision rhinoplasty for functional and/or cosmetic concerns with NIHCC were identified. One patient was excluded due to concomitant use of GORE-TEX, leaving 26 patients y, with low rates of resorption, infection, mobility, and warping. Further larger studies will need to be conducted to determine whether or not the reduced radiation improves outcomes compared with traditionally radiated homologous cartilage.In the whole life process, many factors including external and internal factors affect plant growth and development. The morphogenesis, growth, and development of plants are controlled by genetic elements and are influenced by environmental stress. Transcription factors contain one or more specific DNA-binding domains, which are essential in the whole life cycle of higher plants. The AP2/ERF (APETALA2/ethylene-responsive element binding factors) transcription factors are a large group of factors that are mainly found in plants. The transcription factors of this family serve as important regulators in many biological and physiological processes, such as plant morphogenesis, responsive mechanisms to various stresses, hormone signal transduction, and metabolite regulation. In this review, we summarized the advances in identification, classification, function, regulatory mechanisms, and the evolution of AP2/ERF transcription factors in plants. AP2/ERF family factors are mainly classified into four major subfamilies DREB (Dehydration Responsive Element-Binding), ERF (Ethylene-Responsive-Element-Binding protein), AP2 (APETALA2) and RAV (Related to ABI3/VP), and Soloists (few unclassified factors). The review summarized the reports about multiple regulatory functions of AP2/ERF transcription factors in plants. In addition to growth regulation and stress responses, the regulatory functions of AP2/ERF in plant metabolite biosynthesis have been described. We also discussed the roles of AP2/ERF transcription factors in different phytohormone-mediated signaling pathways in plants. Genomic-wide analysis indicated that AP2/ERF transcription factors were highly conserved during plant evolution. Some public databases containing the information of AP2/ERF have been introduced. The studies of AP2/ERF factors will provide important bases for plant regulatory mechanisms and molecular breeding.Objective To describe a novel technique modification and evaluate initial results of pedicle screw insertion in minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (MITLIF), using self-drilling self-tapping one-step screws.Patients and Methods All patients who were operated for MITLIF using the one-step technique over the last 6 months period at a single institute, were retrospectively identified. The surgical technique is described and depicted. Outcome evaluation was performed, including screw misplacement, screw insertion time, and post-operative complications.Results We describe a novel technique modification in which self-drilling self-tapping navigated screws incorporate an embedded K-wire that enables a one-step insertion which obviates the need for instrument exchange. The first four patients in whom this technique was implemented were included (mean age was 55). All patients had been previously operated at the fused level. The mean surgical duration was 142 minutes and the calculated mean screw insertion time was 8.2 minutes. The mean estimated blood loss was 66 cc. An intraoperative 3D scan demonstrated no screw pedicle breach. There were no neurological complications or wound healing disturbances. The clinical course was uneventful for all patients.Conclusion To our knowledge, the use of one-step navigation-assisted self-drilling self-tapping pedicle screws with an embedded K-wire has not been previously described. Our initial experience with this novel technique modification was efficient and safe. Navigated surgery allows for newer and safer techniques to be incorporated into the surgeon’s toolbox. Further studies should be performed to thoroughly evaluate this technique.