Compared to diabetic patients with controlled glycemia, those with uncontrolled glycemia had significantly greater prevalence of enhanced plaque and greater maximum plaque length (all P less then 0.05). There were no significant differences in plaque features among patients with different duration of T2DM. Uncontrolled glycemia was an independent factor for plaque enhancement after adjustment for potential confounding factors (odds ratio = 5.690; 95% confidence interval = 1.748-18.526; P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS T2DM is closely related to intracranial plaque enhancement and burden. Recently uncontrolled glycemia might play an important role in the development of enhanced plaque. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE Adalimumab is approved for treatment of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. Thus, we postulated that exacerbation or new-onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) would be rare events in patients treated with adalimumab for non-IBD indications. This analysis evaluated the incidence of IBD adverse events (AEs) across adalimumab trials. METHODS IBD AE rates in 75 adalimumab clinical trials in rheumatoid arthritis, polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis, pediatric enthesitis-related arthritis, uveitis, hidradenitis suppurativa, adult and pediatric psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, non-psoriatic arthritis peripheral spondyloarthritis (pSpA), axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), including non-radiographic axSpA and ankylosing spondylitis, were analyzed. Search terms for IBD AEs (new onset or worsening/flare) included IBD, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative proctitis. RESULTS This analysis included 24,114 patients, representing 36,508 patient-years (PY) of adalimumab exposure. The overall rate (95% CI) of IBD AEs in adalimumab-treated patients was 0.1 (0.1-0.2)/100 PY (41 events), ranging from no events (psoriatic arthritis, uveitis, and pediatric trials) to 0.8 (0.2-2.2)/100 PY in pSpA; the rate of IBD in axSpA was 0.6 (0.4-1.0)/100 PY. During placebo-controlled trials, the overall IBD rate was 0.1 (0.0-0.3)/100 PY for adalimumab (3 events in 6781 patients; 2752 PY of exposure) and 0.1 (0.0-0.4)/100 PY for placebo (1 event in 3493 patients; 1246 PY of exposure) groups; IBD rates in axSpA were 0.5 (0.1-1.4)/100 PY and 0.6 (0.0-3.1)/100 PY, respectively. CONCLUSION The rates of IBD AEs in adalimumab clinical trials were generally low across the evaluated diseases, including axSpA; all events occurred in adult patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVE The study aimed to evaluate the microbial contamination and plaque scores of nano-gold coated and uncoated toothbrushes. METHODS This study was designed as a single-center, parallel, examiner blinded, randomized, two-group clinical trial. Eighty-four participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either a nano-gold or uncoated toothbrush. Basic periodontal therapy was performed for all the recruited subjects, and plaque scores of zero were considered baseline values. All participants were instructed to follow a twice-daily brushing regimen without dentifrice and to refrain from other oral hygiene care during the one-week study period. Plaque levels were assessed after one week using the Turesky modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index (TMQHPI). The bristles were tested for microbial contamination by viable cell counting. The recorded data were statistically analyzed, and a P value of less than 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. RESULTS After one week of brushing without using toothpaste, the mean plaque index scores were 0.37 ± 0.07 in the nano-gold group and 0.58 ± 0.10 in the uncoated group. A significant difference in the mean plaque scores was observed between the groups (P less then 0.001). The mean colony-forming unit (CFU) was 21 ± 48.8 for the nano-gold coated group and 100 ± 128.4 for the uncoated group. The difference in the mean CFUs observed between the groups was significant (P=0.014). CONCLUSION The use of a nano-gold coated toothbrush demonstrated significantly lower bristle contamination and lower plaque scores after one week compared with uncoated toothbrushes without using dentifrice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Under the dual influences of high-intensity anthropogenic activity and climate change, wetland hydrologic connectivity (HC) has decreased significantly, resulting in severe wetland fragmentation, shrinking wetland area and degradation of hydrological functions. The result worsening disaster response to flood and drought. Dynamic change of wetland hydrologic connectivity is affected by a variety of driving factors. AZD5004 datasheet Many degraded wetlands have undergone hydrologic connectivity restoration measures. Recovery can improve the hydrologic connectivity pattern of degraded wetlands. Based on the knowledge of practitioners and the review of existing literature, it was found that recovery measures can be divided into structural recovery and functional recovery according to the specific recovery objects. However, the current method lacks a holistic analysis of the hydrologic connectivity pattern. To this end, this paper proposes a hydrologic network-water balance based hydrologic connectivity recovery and management framework that overcomes the limitations of single drive factor repair and local repair effects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Marine Micromonospora was revealed to be a rather untapped and a rich source of chemically diverse and unique bioactive natural products. This review is aimed to make a comprehensive survey of secondary metabolites that were derived from marine Micromonospora including chemical diversity and biological activities. A total of 116 compounds from 41 marine Micromonospora species have been reported, covering the literatures from 1997 to 2019. These compounds contain several structural classes such as polyketides (PKS), nonribosomal peptides (NRPS), PKS-NRPS hybrids, terpenes and others, and they present cytotoxic, antibacterial, antiparasitic, chemopreventive or antioxidant activities. © 2020 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.