The dynamic property of water in these polymers was estimated from the deuterium solution NMR spin-lattice relaxation time, T12H. The T12H values of peaks observed at 4-5 ppm were relatively high, denoting rapid motion, while those of water at 3.7 ppm in PMEA were small, denoting slow mobility. Thus, the states of water molecules in PMEA in terms of chemical shift and mobility were considered different from those in PBA at ambient temperature.Different post-translational changes in eye lens crystallin proteins contribute towards the development of cataract. We have studied in vitro oxidative modification of tryptophan (Trp) residues of human γD-crystallin (HGD) towards formation of N-formylkynurenine (NFK) associated with cataractogenesis. This oxidation was found to be inhibited by quercetin at relatively low concentration. Interactions between quercetin and HGD were further studied using fluorescence techniques. Binding and quenching constants were determined as ∼104 M-1. Static quenching of fluorescence due to HGD-quercetin complex formation at ground state was confirmed by finding excited state life time of Trp residues. Energy transfer occurred between the protein and quercetin. Hydrogen bonding and/or van der Waals interactions were involved between HGD and quercetin. Synchronous and three-dimensional fluorescence along with far-UV CD studies suggested no major conformational alterations occurred in HGD due to quercetin binding. Experimental observations were supported by the docking results.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.The aims of this study were (i) to examine the sedentary time (ST) during different time periods [i.e., weekend, out-of-school weekdays hours, school hours, recess, physical education classes (PEC)] in children and adolescents; (ii) to identify 2-year longitudinal changes in the ST for these periods; and (iii) to examine if ST at baseline is associated with ST 2 years later. This was a 2-year follow-up study with 826 (51.9% boys) children and 678 (50.7% boys) adolescents. Accelerometers were used to assess ST. Students spent more than 60% of their weekend, out-of-school hours and school hours in ST. During these periods, girls and adolescents were more sedentary than boys and children, respectively (p  less then  0.05). Over 2-year follow-up, ST increased during the weekend, out-of-school hours, school hours and recess in all subgroups studied (p  less then  0.001). ST during PEC declined 2% per year in children (p  less then  0.001) but it increased in adolescents (p  less then  0.05). ST during the periods analysed at baseline was lowly associated with ST during these periods 2 years later (intraclass correlations from less then 0.001 to 0.364). Interventions in these settings may be adequate if the intention is to avoid ST increase in students.The aim of this study was to analyse the detraining process that occurs during a season break, and its influence on the performance, anthropometrics, and biomechanics of young swimmers. Vismodegib mouse The sample included 54 young swimmers (22 boys 12.79 ± 0.71 years; 32 girls 11.78 ± 0.85 years). Performance for the 100 m freestyle and anthropometric and biomechanical variables were evaluated as main determinants. Performance impaired significantly for boys (2.17%) and girls (1.91%). All anthropometric variables increased between moments of assessment for boys and girls. Overall, the boys enhanced all biomechanical variables during the detraining period, and girls showed mixed results. For both sexes, the stroke index was the variable with the highest increase (boys Δ = 16.16%; d = 0.89; p = 0.001; girls Δ = 19.51%; d = 1.06; p = 0.002). Hierarchical linear modelling showed that the height retained the amount of impairment in the performance. One unit of increase in the height (cm) led to less 0.41 s impairment in the performance. Present data indicated that during an 11-weeks detraining period, young swimmers impaired their performance, but the determinant factors showed an impaired relationship. This increase in the determinant factors is mainly related to the increase in the swimmers’ anthropometrics. Moreover, the increase in height was responsible for retaining the performance impairment.Functional training aims to provide specific adaptations due to exercise training and utilises a variety of equipment, including kettlebells. Due to the training principle of overload, a greater resistance must be applied to yield increased strength results. This study examined the effects of kettlebell mass on lower body joint kinetics in young recreationally trained adults. Thirty recreationally active, college-aged adults were recruited for this study. Participants performed hip-hinge style swings with kettlebells equivalent to 10%, 15% and 20% of their respective body mass. 3-D marker coordinate data were captured via infrared camera system and ground reaction force data were measured with two force plates. The resultant joint moments of the lower body were calculated using the inverse dynamics procedure. As mass increased, there was an increase in joint moment at the L4/5, hip and ankle joint, primarily due to an increase in ground reaction force. Increasing kettlebell mass can potentially cause greater strength gains in the hip and trunk musculature due to increase in lower body moments, while avoiding excessive moments about the knee.The ability to achieve rapid acceleration is a crucial asset for athletes. An emergent tactic to achieve this advantage has been the performance of a backward step when beginning a sprinting action. This action has even gained the moniker ‘false step’, implying its lack of utility. Thus, a significant debate has developed among coaches regarding the value of this phenomenon. This study examined the false step through a comparison with a forward step condition, where participants were only allowed to step forward to initiate a sprint. Comparisons were made between velocity products as well as mechanical antecedents during the first milliseconds of sprint initiation. Participants were 30 healthy college-aged student-athletes, who were asked to perform three false step and forward step sprint trials. Timing gates and 3D modelling were used to examine velocities and mechanical variables during these trials. Overall, results demonstrated that the false step was significantly (p  less then  0.001) faster (0.23s; 9.