the child, it is necessary to evaluate the effects of various methods of supporting parents.There are questionnaires and scales, including self-assessment scales, used to evaluate suicide risk. Additionally, suicide risk factors (i.a., prior suicide attempts, willingness to commit suicide, somatic diseases, male gender) are also known. Their application, however, does not provide a sufficient guarantee for properly distinguishing persons with high and low suicide risk. In 1986, Gunnar Edman observed that there is an association between low electrodermal activity and suicidal tendencies, which was confirmed in other studies and meta-analyses. Electrodermal activity (EDA) is commonly considered to be a very good indicator of orienting reflex, which is a response to the information linked with a stimulus and, in a way, a physiological mechanism that helps an organism to survive. This phenomenon is related to habituation, the rate of which is a measure of EDA reactivity. Hyporeactivity consists in very rapid habituation of a stimulus, even after first exposure. According to Lars Håkan Thorell, hyporeactivity may be understood as a specific deficit of attention, which is associated with inability to arouse curiosity with ordinary, everyday events at the physiological level. This results in a greater tendency to attempt suicide shown by persons with mood disorders, and lower fear of hurting oneself. The goal of this paper is to present history of studies on electrodermal activity, relationship between EDA and suicide tendencies in persons with affective disorders and to discuss EDOR System that identifies persons at particularly high risk of committing suicide.For many years there has been a debate among psychiatrists as to whether and how the patient’s gender modifies the psychopathological picture of depression. Despite many years of research on trigger mechanisms, clinical features and the consequences of perinatal depression in women, one can still get the impression that too little is known about this mental disorder in the perinatal period in women. As for men, there are only few reports showing the consequences of paternal depression for the physical and emotional development of a newborn child. The article describes several cases of male patients who struggled with symptoms of depression in the perinatal period of their partners. In all stories one can find a cause-and-effect relationship between the episode of depression and the perinatal period. In spite of similar life circumstances and traits characteristic of depression in men, many differences in the course of the illness were also observed. Each of the patients required pharmacological treatment. Depending on the clinical and life situation, parallel psychotherapy was recommended, and in one case 24-hour hospitalization. In one of the men, an important trigger factor was the episode of postpartum depression in the partner. In the depressive state, all three men had to temporarily give up their care role in relation to their partner and then the child. Applied comprehensive treatment in all three fathers brought symptomatic and functional remission. selleck compound Good mental health translated into a good adaptation to care for a little child and satisfaction as a father. The article presents perinatal depression in fathers as a real clinical problem that requires further in-depth research.

This study aims to evaluate the effect of selenium deficiency on depressive disorders with adjustment for possible confounders. Its importance among non-dietary and dietary risk factors for depression is discussed using empirical evidence.

A structural equation model was fitted using diagonally weighted least squares estimation with adjusted chi-square test statistics (WLSMV). The average daily intake of selenium and other nutrients was calculated to verify their possible association with self-reported depressive disorders. The effect of dietary patterns was adjusted for possible confounders, including the presence of chronic diseases, life problems, pain levels, physical activity, and income. The study was performed on a sample of 9,354 men and women aged 45-65 of the Polish-Norwegian Study (PONS) cohort.

The model shows a significant effect of low selenium intake (standardized total effect of 0.133), high lipids intake (0.102) and low iron intake (0.065) on depressive disorders. Other dietary factors essive disorders.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of anxiety and depression in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), and to determine a relationship between the severity of these disorders and the serum calcium ion and parathyroid hormone level, as well as to evaluate the usefulness of self-rating scales in screening for depressive disorders in PHPT patients.

Using the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), study was performed on a group of 101 patients with PHPT. A control group included 50 patients diagnosed with non-toxic thyroid goiter.

The HAM-D indicated higher prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in the whole population of patients and in women with PHPT. Such a relationship was not observed in men. The BDI-II indicated higher prevalence and severity of depressive symptoms in the whole population of patients and in women with PHPT. Such a relationship was n calcium ion and parathyroid hormone level was also not confirmed. A statistically significant negative correlation between the severity of anxiety and the serum calcium ion level in the whole population of patients, and an additional positive correlation between the serum parathyroid hormone level and the severity of anxiety in women were confirmed. Self-rating tests are not sufficient for screening for depressive disorders in PHPT patients.Antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have complex temporal effects. They may worsen symptoms during early treatment, they may reduce depressive symptoms over several weeks of treatment, and they may lose effectiveness over more prolonged treatment or after repeated treatment trials. Conceptually, these effects fall within the domain of hormesis, which refers to a biphasic or multiphasic response to a drug or toxin. Hormetic effects are commonly triggered when a drug interacts with homeostatic mechanisms. We develop and evaluate a theoretical framework for understanding how adaptations to SSRIs that restore synaptic homeostasis may partially contribute to their hormetic effects. Specifically, the serotonin system adapts to SSRIs by suppressing the firing of serotonergic neurons, inhibiting the synthesis of serotonin, and reducing the overall content of serotonin in the brain. Moreover, rodent models such as inescapable shock show that serotonin neurotransmission to specific forebrain regions is a necessary, but insufficient cause of depressive symptoms.