In the present work, a new series of thiopyrimidine-benzenesulfonamide conjugates was designed, synthesized and tested as carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitors. Our design strategy was based on the molecular hybridization of the benzenesulfonamide moiety as a zinc binding group (ZBG), an alkylated thiopyrimidine moiety as a spacer and (un)substituted phenyl moieties with various electronic and hydrophobic environments as a tail. The designed and synthesized compounds were evaluated against four human (h) CA isoforms hCA I, hCA II, hCA IX and hCA XII. Series 6 showed promising activity and selectivity toward the cytosolic isoforms hCA I and hCA II versus the membrane bound isoforms hCA IX and hCA XII. Compounds 6e and 6f showed Ki of 0.04 µM against hCA II with a selectivity of 15.8- to 980-fold towards hCA II over hCA I, hCA IX, hCA XII isoforms. Molecular docking in the hCA II active site attributed the promising inhibitory activity of series 6 to the interaction of their sulfonamide moiety with the active site Zn2+ ion as well as its hydrogen bonding with the key amino acids Thr199 and Thr200. Through hydrophobic interaction, the benzenesulfonamide and the thiopyrimidine moieties interact with the hydrophobic side chains of the amino acids Val121/Leu198 and Ile91/Phe131, respectively. These results indicated that the designed and synthesized series is an interesting scaffold that can be further optimized for the development of selective antiglaucoma drugs. Adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in maintaining cellular metabolism. AMP or adenosine diphosphate (ADP) levels rise during metabolic stress, such as during nutrient starvation, hypoxia and muscle contraction, and bind to AMPK to induce activity. Recently, activation of AMPK has been considered an attractive therapeutic strategy in the field of human oncology. Structural optimization of lead compound 2, a new type of AMPK activator with potent AMPK activation activity and attractive selective growth inhibition against human cancer cells, improved aqueous solubility, metabolic stability and animal pharmacokinetics (PK) and culminated in the identification of (5-1-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]piperidin-4-yl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)(4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]methylpiperazin-1-yl)methanone ditosylate, ASP4132 (28). Studies on ASP4132 had advanced to clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. Oral antibiotic therapy is routinely administered when a third molar (M3) is extracted to prevent infectious complications after surgery. Oral third-generation cephalosporins are frequently used after M3 extraction in Japan but at the expense of an increased risk of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, the infection control team (ICT) at our institution recommended a reduction in use of these agents after M3 extraction. In this study, we compared the types of antibiotic agents prescribed for patients undergoing M3 extraction before and after this recommendation. We investigated the relationship between type of antibiotic used and the likelihood of infectious complications as well as cost savings in patients who underwent M3 extraction in the 6 months before and after the ICT recommendation in July 2018. There was a marked reduction in use of oral third-generation cephalosporins after M3 extraction (P  less then  0.0001) and increased use of oral penicillins and first-generation cephalosporins after the ICT recommendation. Moreover, surgical site infection (SSIs) were significantly less common after the ICT recommendation (P = 0.0099); however, the SSI rate was higher in patients who received a third-generation cephalosporin than in those who received penicillin (8.8% vs 0.5%). There was also a significant saving in per-patient antibiotic costs after the ICT recommendation (269.5 ± 282.0 JPY vs 454.7 ± 376.6 JPY; P  less then  0.0001). These findings suggest that collaboration with an ICT promotes appropriate antibiotic use, decreases the risk of an SSI, and improves the cost-benefit ratio in patients undergoing M3 extraction. Ureaplasma spp. usually causes genitourinary infections; few reports in the literature describe extragenital infections, usually in immunocompromised patients. We present a case of Ureaplasma parvum ventriculitis in an immunocompetent patient related to ventriculoperitoneal drainage and surgery. Ureaplasma parvum was detected with broad range 16S rRNA PCR and cultured on A8 agar. A traditional view of short-term working memory (STM) is that task-relevant information is maintained ‘online’ in persistent spiking activity. However, recent experimental and modeling studies have begun to question this long-held belief. In this review, we discuss new evidence demonstrating that information can be ‘silently’ maintained via short-term synaptic plasticity (STSP) without the need for persistent activity. We discuss how the neural mechanisms underlying STM are inextricably linked with the cognitive demands of the task, such that the passive maintenance and the active manipulation of information are subserved differently in the brain. Together, these recent findings point towards a more nuanced view of STM in which multiple substrates work in concert to support our ability to temporarily maintain and manipulate information. NSC16168 datasheet The feet constitute an important sensory structure in the mechanisms of postural control. As a direct and often only interface between the body and the ground, the feet allow us to sense and interact with our environment. Sensory information provided by muscle and cutaneous afferents in the foot contribute to our ability to stand upright, and postural sway is necessary to detect both position and motion of the body in space. A decline in foot sole skin sensitivity occurs naturally with aging and as a result of neurological disorders, including different peripheral neuropathies, the commonest etiologies of which are diabetes mellitus or effects of chemotherapy. This decline in sensitivity is frequently associated with poorer postural control and increased risk of falls in these populations. The purpose of this comprehensive review is to summarize the evidence that supports a functional role of foot sole sensory tactile and muscular feedback in standing balance, and the postural consequences when this feedback is impaired with aging or disease.