Molecular imaging methods to visualize myriad biochemical processes in bacteria have traditionally been dependent upon molecular biology techniques to incorporate fluorescent biomolecules (e.g., fusion proteins). Such methods have been instrumental in our understanding of how bacteria function but are not without drawbacks, including potential perturbation to native protein expression and function. To overcome these limitations, the use of fluorescent small-molecule probes has gained much attention. Here, we highlight examples from the recent literature that showcase the utility of small-molecule probes for the fluorescence imaging of bacterial cells, including electrophilic, metabolic, and enzyme-activated probes. Although the use of these types of compounds for bacterial imaging is still relatively new, the selected examples demonstrate the exciting potential of these critical tools in the exploration of bacterial physiology.

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a rare disease in children. The frequency and outcome of children evolving to accelerated phase (AP) or blastic phase (BP) under treatment with imatinib is unknown. The aim of the current study is to assess the incidence of progression from CML in chronic phase with imatinib frontline in a paediatric setting and describe the management and outcome of these patients.

In the I-CML-Ped Study database (www.clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT01281735), 19 of 339 paediatric patients in chronic phase treated with imatinib in the frontline evolved to CML-AP or CML-BP.

With a median follow-up of 38 months (range 2-190 months), the cumulative incidence of progression at 1 and 3 years was 3% (confidence interval [CI] 95% 1-5%) and 7% (CI 95% 4-11%), respectively. We observed a large predominance of lymphoid-BP (70%) over myeloid-BP (30%) with imatinib in frontline therapy. Sixteen patients underwent haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and eight were treated with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor after transplant. learn more Only the transplanted patients are alive. The 5-year overall survival rate of children with CML-AP/BP is 44%, with no statistical difference between the lymphoid-BP and myeloid-BP outcome.

Children evolving to AP or BP under treatment with imatinib have a very poor prognosis with an overall survival under 50%, much worse than children with advanced phase at diagnosis.

Children evolving to AP or BP under treatment with imatinib have a very poor prognosis with an overall survival under 50%, much worse than children with advanced phase at diagnosis.

Evaluation of the trends in incidence, diagnostics, treatment and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the Netherlands.

Data regarding incidence, diagnostics, primary treatment and survival of patients with HCC in the period 2009-2016 were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Trends in incidence, diagnostics, various treatment modalities (except liver transplantation, due to inaccurate data) and regional treatment preferences were analysed. Survival was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression modelling.

In the period of 2009-2016, 3838 patients were diagnosed with HCC. A distinct decrease in the percentage of patients who underwent tumour biopsy was observed (from 51% in 2009-2010 to 42% in 2015-2016). Percentage of patients who underwent cancer treatment increased markedly (from 49% in 2009-2010 to 57% in 2015-2016), mainly because of an increasing use of resection and ablation. The number of hospitals where resections were performed or sorafenib treatment prescribeddecreased slightly. The number of hospitals sporadically (<1 ablation per year) performing ablations increased. There were significant differences between regions in the application of resection, ablationand transarterial chemoembolisation /radioembolisation (p<0.05 after ‘case mix’-correction). One-, 3- and 5-year survival of patients with HCC significantly improved in the studied period. Receiving cancer treatment was associated with increased survival, whereas increasing age and an advanced tumour stage were both associated with decreased survival.

From 2009 to 2016, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma more often received cancer treatment and their survival improved. There were significant differences in types of treatment between various regions.

From 2009 to 2016, patients with hepatocellular carcinoma more often received cancer treatment and their survival improved. There were significant differences in types of treatment between various regions.

Individuals who were born prematurely (PT), with low birth weight (LBW), or small for gestational age (SGA) appear to present a set of permanent changes that make them more susceptible to develop chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCD) in adult life.

Investigating the association between PT birth, LBW or SGA at birth and CNCD incidence in adult life.

Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies available in three databases – two of them are official (PubMed and Web of Science) and one is gray literature (OpenGrey) – based on pre-established search and eligibility criteria.

Sixty-four studies were included in the review, 93.7% of them only investigated one of the exposure variables (46.7% LBW, 35.0% PT and 18.3% SGA at birth), whereas 6.3% investigated more than one exposure variable (50.0% LBW and PT; 50.0% SGA and PT). There was association among all exposure variables in the following outcomes cardiometabolic (CMD) and glycidic metabolism (GMD) disorders, changes in body composition and risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MS). Female sex was identified as risk factor in the exposure-outcome association. Eighteen (18) articles were included in the meta-analysis. There was positive association between LBW and incidence of CMD (OR 1.25 [95%CI 1.11; 1.41]; 07 studies), GMD (OR 1.70 [95%CI 1.25; 2.30]; 03 studies) and MS (OR 1.75 [95%CI 1.27; 2.40]; 02 studies) in adult life. PT was positively associated with CMD (OR 1.38 [95%CI 1.27; 1.51]; 05 studies).

LBW and PT are associated with CMD and GMD development, as well as with the risk of developing MS in adult life.

LBW and PT are associated with CMD and GMD development, as well as with the risk of developing MS in adult life.