The next step is to establish effective pathways in primary healthcare and/or diabetes clinics where most NAFLD patients are seen, to identify those who need to be referred to liver clinics for further assessment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Chronic hepatitis B remains a global problem, affecting more than 250 million individuals worldwide. Around one-fifth of infected individuals develop advanced fibrosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines as well as the 2016 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) guidelines are based on robust data and relied on multiple external systematic reviews to answer identified questions. In contrast, the latest guidelines from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL), Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) and AASLD (2018 version) were developed by consensus of expert panels. Treatment is generally recommended for individuals at a high risk of disease progression, namely those with high alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, active viral replication and advanced fibrosis or cirrhosis. Although guidelines generally agree on treatment indications for special populations, current guidelines do not factor in clinically relevant factors such as age, gender and genotype into the treatment decision process. There is an unmet need for a better predictive model to select high-risk individuals, thus, more high-quality studies are needed. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in Western countries. At present the safest and most effective first-line therapy for the management of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is lifestyle modification with diet and exercise. However, long-term adherence to lifestyle modification is rare in the target population, leading to progression of liver disease and its complications such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Thus, new drugs that focus mainly on the pathogenesis of NASH to target inflammation and fibrogenesis are under investigation. This mini-review summarizes the results of pivotal finalized phase 2 studies, and provide an outline of ongoing phase 2 and phase 3 studies. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis, which develops in 5%-10% of patients per year. Its management is based on symptomatic measures including restriction of sodium intake, diuretics and paracentesis. Underlying liver disease must always be treated and may improve ascites. In some patients, ascites is not controlled by medical therapies and has a major impact on quality of life and survival. TIPS placement and liver transplantation must therefore be discussed. More recently, repeated albumin infusions and Alfapump® have emerged as new therapies in ascites. In this review, the current data on these different options are analysed and an algorithm to help the physician make clinical decisions is suggested. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.There is a close link between steatohepatitis (NASH) and Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Recently, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommended screening for NASH and advanced fibrosis in patients with diabetes and hepatic steatosis or elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT). This is because as many as ~30% to 40% may have NASH and ~10% to 15% advanced fibrosis. The role of hyperglycemia and the natural history of NASH in diabetes remain poorly understood, as well as which diagnostic algorithm or interventions are most cost-effective. There is significant clinical inertia and most patients today are still not receiving adequate lifestyle intervention or pharmacological treatment with diabetes agents known to be effective against NASH. Lifestyle intervention improves steatohepatitis in proportion to the magnitude of weight loss, but this trend is not as consistent for regression of fibrosis. This limited success supports the need for concomitant pharmacological therapy. Pioglitazone has been shown to consistently induce resolution of NASH in both patients with or without diabetes in a total of 498 participants in five randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but with modest effects on liver fibrosis. Proof-of-concept studies suggest a potential role for GLP-1RAs and SGLT2 inhibitors. Combination therapy is on the horizon. Treating diabetes and NASH with a combination of pioglitazone, GLP-1RAs or SGLT2i, could be a cost-effective strategy to treat both diseases while reducing their high cardiovascular risk. Future combination therapies will likely combine existing diabetes agents with novel NASH-spechfic drugs under development. This review highlights current knowledge gaps and proposes future directions for the treatment of NASH in diabetes. see more © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) can develop progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Patients with chronic HBV and cirrhosis are at risk of developing hepatic decompensation and have high mortality without antiviral therapy and/or liver transplantation. Treatment of chronic HBV with antiviral therapy is indicated in all patients with cirrhosis whatever the HBe-antigen status and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), so that hepatic decompensation can be prevented. Initiating antiviral therapy in patients with decompensated cirrhosis can improve liver function, Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) and model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) scores, as well as the need for liver transplantation and mortality. Patients with chronic HBV and cirrhosis who do not respond to antiviral therapy with normalization of ALT may have a co-existent liver disorder. One of the most common co-existent liver disorders present in patients with chronic HBV is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Patients with chronic HBV, NAFLD and cirrhosis may be at risk of developing decompensated cirrhosis and require a liver transplant. If patients with chronic HBV require liver transplantation, infection of the liver graft with HBV can be prevented with antiviral therapy. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.