The most common initial RCI dosing, 80 U twice weekly, was used for 84% of patients with RA, 75% with SLE, and 86% with DM/PM. The mean duration of treatment was 4.8, 6.5, and 6.8 months for RA, SLE, and DM/PM, respectively. Among the 57 patients with data on physician’s impression of change with RCI, 78.1% of patients with RA, 94.7% with SLE, and 66.7% with DM/PM had a rating of “improved,” and the mean time to best impression of change was 3.4, 4.3, and 3.4 months for RA, SLE, and DM/PM, respectively. Conclusion This study reports the real-world patient profile, use patterns, and outcomes of patients who used RCI for the treatment of RA, SLE, and DM/PM. These data can inform appropriate use and clinical expectations when using RCI. © 2020 Ho-Mahler et al.Introduction Cardiac arrest happening outside the hospital, specifically in rural regions that are more distant from health centers, is a crucial issue in the health of individuals in those regions. Therefore, the ability of residents in those regions to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is very important in preventing death among people. This study aimed at determining the effect of basic CPR training on the adults’ knowledge and performance in rural areas. Methodology This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 92 adults from rural areas of Shouraab Kohmareh-Sorkhi in Fars province, Iran, in September and October 2018. The samples were selected and divided into two groups using the simple random method. The data were collected using a demographic information form, knowledge questionnaire, and an observational checklist of CPR performance devised by the researcher. Basic teaching of CPR for the intervention group included two hours of oral teaching using lecture and question and answer as well as two150714023199N3; date registered 2018-05-06. © 2020 Khademian et al.Background Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that imposes a huge health and economic burden on societies. Because the currently available medications have many drawbacks, it is important to search for alternative therapies. Medicinal plants used in traditional medicines are ideal candidates. Hence, this study was undertaken to investigate the antidiabetic activity of crude extract and solvent fractions from the stem bark of Terminalia brownii Fresen. (Combretaceae) in mice. Materials and Methods The in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay was performed using the chromogenic 3, 5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNSA) method while the antihyperglycemic activity was assessed using three mouse models streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, normoglycemic mice, and oral glucose challenged mice. Experimental diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 150 mg/kg and animals with fasting blood glucose level (BGL) >200 mg/dL were considered diabetic. Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug. Fasting BGL and body weight were used to assess the antidiabetic activity. The result was analyzed using GraphPad Prism software version 8 and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post hoc test with p less then 0.05 considered as statistically significant. Results The crude extract of T. brownii at all tested dose levels (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) showed a significant BGL reduction in all the three animal models. Moreover, the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions (at 500 mg/kg) significantly (p less then 0.01) reduced the BGL in the streptozotocin induced diabetic model. The crude extract and different solvent fractions also showed a dose-dependent in vitro α-amylase inhibitory activity and improvement of body weight. Conclusion T. brownii crude extract and its solvent fractions showed a significant antihyperglycemic activity in STZ induced diabetic mice, hypoglycemic activity and improvement of oral glucose tolerance in normal mice. © 2020 Alema et al.Purpose To assess if post-keratorefractive patients can achieve spectacle independence following cataract surgery with currently available presbyopia correcting intraocular lenses (IOLs). Patients and Methods Retrospective case series of unilateral implantation of the IC-8 IOL in two patients with history of bilateral myopic radial keratotomy (RK) and one patient with history of bilateral myopic RK and astigmatic keratotomy (AK), and bilateral implantation of AT Lisa 939M multifocal IOLs in one patient with previous history of RK and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Results Good uncorrected distance, intermediate and near visual acuity (VA) was achieved for most patients. Stereopsis and contrast sensitivity (CS) were maintained in patients that received the IC-8 IOLs, and two patients achieved full spectacle independence. The patient that received the trifocal lenses expressed satisfaction with their vision, but required long distance correction and experienced reduced CS. Conclusion The IC-8 and AT Lisa 939M IOLs both offer satisfactory results and reduced spectacle dependence in post-keratorefractive patients. However, it is recommended to properly counsel visual outcomes and patient expectations before commencing surgery. © 2020 Agarwal and Thornell.Juvenile spondyloarthritis (SpA) affects patients below the age of 16 and mainly presents with peripheral involvement. Many atypical clinical presentations were reported in the adult SpA, but not in the juvenile group. We report a case of non-radiographic axial SpA in a 14-year-old girl presented atypically with muscle weakness and hyperthyroidism. She had sacroiliitis evident by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with negative HLA-B27. Muscle biopsy showed fasciitis. She responded well to adalimumab and thyroid functions returned to normal values. © 2020 Elhosiny et al.Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) constitutes a group of heterogeneous hereditary motor and sensor neuropathies. Mutations in mitofusin-2 (MFN2) cause CMT type 2A by altering mitochondrial fusion and trafficking along with the axonal microtubule system. In literature patients presenting with CMT2A are reported as having a subacute onset of optic atrophy associated with central scotoma and color vision defects. SP 600125 negative control We report on the clinical and genetic findings in a 40 years-old Caucasian woman presenting with CMT type 2A and MFN2 mutation (c.2258duplT/p.Leu753fs) who presented bilateral progressive optic atrophy with bilateral severe concentric narrowing of the visual field but normal visual acuity and color vision. This is the first report that describes such phenotypical manifestation of an MFN2 mutation suggesting that the molecular mechanisms underlying the mitofusin-2 function alteration at optic nerve need to be investigated further. © 2020 Guerriero et al.