Results The prevalence of NSI was 73.7% (n = 403) in anaesthesiologists with 71.1% (n = 235) in males and 77.4% (n = 168) in females. The anaesthesiologists from the medical schools had a prevalence of 75.0% (n = 148), those in private practice had a prevalence of 72.7% (n = 216), whereas those working in both medical school and private practice had a prevalence of 74.4% (n = 39). A greater prevalence was observed in those working for longer periods. Conclusion The prevalence of NSI’s is alarmingly high amongst anaesthesiologists and there is an immediate need of creating awareness and practice safety protocols in routine practice. Training and education are required in the formative years of healthcare curriculum.Background Low back pain (LBP) is ranked highest in terms of disability-adjusted life-years lived. Patient education and self-management have shown to play a crucial role in the overall pain management. However, the literature on the same with respect to Indian context is still lacking. The study was aimed to develop, validate and assess the acceptability and effectiveness of self-instructional educational module among Indian chronic LBP (CLBP) patients. Methods A prospective single-arm open-label study was conducted in a pain clinic of a tertiary care public hospital in North India with ‘Backcare booklet-self-instructional module (SIM)’ as an intervention in patients with CLBP. SIM was developed with the intent to provide up-to-date evidence-based information in an easy understanding way to patients with CLBP. 132 patients were administered SIM with a single session of verbal explanation. Pain intensity (numeric rating scale [NRS]), disability, fear-avoidance belief Questionnaire (FABQ), quality of life (EQ5D) and knowledge level were assessed at baseline and after 3 months of intervention. Student’s paired t-test and Chi-square test were used. Data were analysed using SPSS version 15.0. Eganelisib Results 120 patients successfully completed the 3 months’ follow-up. Significant reductions were observed in pain intensity (76[12] vs 55 [15, P less then 0.01); disability (51[14] vs 43 [10], P less then 0.01); FABQ (46[12] vs 41 [10], P less then 0.01); EQ5D (0.35 [0.27] vs 0.18 [0.26], P less then 0.01). Conclusion Backcare booklet as an intervention, along with usual pharmacological care is a cost-effective educational medium to promote self-management of CLBP in the clinical outpatient settings.Background and aims Subclavian vein (SCV) catheterization via the supraclavicular (SSV) or infraclavicular (ISV) approaches under real time ultrasonographic (USG) guidance is being performed routinely in critically ill patients in ICU.The aim of this study is comparative evaluation of SSV and ISV approaches in terms of success rate, time taken and incidence of complications. Settings and design In this prospective study, 110 critically ill patients were randomly divided into two groups of 55 each. Right SCV catheterization was performed using real time USG by single experienced operator. Methods Success rate, first attempt success rate, time taken for venous visualization, puncture, catheterization, total procedure, incidence of mechanical, and infectious complications were variables used for comparison among groups. Statistical analysis used Normality tests were performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. All data are expressed as the mean (SD), number (%), or median [interquartile range (IQR)] as indicated. Data were compared using the χ2 test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, Fisher’s exact test and Student’s t-test as appropriate. Results Total procedural time was significantly lesser in SSV group than ISV group (P less then 0.0001). Time for visualization, puncture and catheterization were significantly higher in ISV group (P less then 0.001). Success rate was 100% in both groups. First attempt success rate was more in SSV (P = 0.171).Two incidence of malposition was found in ISV group. Infectious complications were comparable in both groups. Conclusions Real time USG-guided supraclavicular subclavian approach is a viable and preferable alternative with significantly lesser total procedural time, similar success rate, fewer attempts, faster and lesser complication rates as compared with infraclavicular approach.Background and aims Viscoelastic haemostatic assays (VHA) namely Thromboelastogram (TEG) and Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) are used for global assessment of coagulopathy and guiding transfusion during living donor liver transplant (LDLT).We conducted a study to compare the interchangeability of the values obtained from these devices in patients with End stage liver disease (ESLD) undergoing LDLT. Methods In 76 patients undergoing LDLT, ROTEM and TEG were performed and assessed for interchangeability using Spearman Correlation. The direction and strength of correlation between equivalent parameters was calculated using Inter Class Correlation (ICC) and Bland Altman analysis. Results The correlation ρ between CT (clotting time) of ROTEM and R of TEG was 0.16 (P = 0.19).The ICC was 0.15, with 95% confidence interval (CI) of -0.38-0.48 (P = 0.25).The ρ of CFT (ROTEM) with K (TEG) was 0.425 (P= less then 0.001). The ICC was0.49 with 95% CI of 0.17-0.69, P = 0.003.Alpha of ROTEM correlated with Angle of TEG with ρ of 0.475 (P= less then 0.001). The ICC was 0.61, with 95% CI of 0.36-0.76, P= less then 0.001.Maximum Clot firmness (MCF) correlated with maximum amplitude (MA) with ρ=0.76 (P= less then 0.001).The ICC was 0.86, with 95% CI of 0.77-0.92, P= less then 0.001. Lysis index (L30) of ROTEM correlated clot lysis (CL30) of TEG with ρ of 0.16 (P = 0.18).However, the ICC was 0.45, with 95% CI of 0.11-0.66, P = 0.08. The correlation between CT of ROTEM and R of TEG as well as L30 of ROTEM and CL30 of TEG was not significant.The strongest correlation was found between MCF and MA (P less then 0.001). However the MCF/MA showed an agreement of only 86% (ICC = 0.86). Conclusion Values from ROTEM and TEG were not found to be interchangeable.Background and aims Post-thoracotomy pain can be severe and disabling. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of intercostal nerve block when used as adjunct to thoracic epidural analgesia in patients undergoing posterolateral thoracotomy. Methods This was a parallel-group randomised patient and assessor-blinded study carried out at a tertiary-referral cancer center. We included 60 adult patients undergoing elective lung resection under general anaesthesia with thoracic epidural analgesia. In addition, the intervention arm received single-shot intercostal blocks with 10 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine at the level of and two levels above and below the thoracotomy. We assessed post-operative pain scores at 2 to 4 hours and 18 to 24 hours after surgery, peri-operative fentanyl requirement, percentage of patients who needed fentanyl PCA and maximum volume achieved on bedside spirometry 18 to 24 hours after surgery. Groups were compared using the unpaired t-test for continuous data and the chi square test for categorical data at a 5% level of significance.