GW501516, also known as GW-1516 or cardarine and endurobol, is a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-δ) agonist. Activation of the receptor will increase fat-burning capacity and muscle production, as it changes the body’s fuel preference from glucose to lipids. GW501516 has no therapeutic use, but can be abused for performance-enhancing purposes using the oral route, at dosages of 10 to 20 mg per day, for 6 to 8 weeks. Both athletes and amateurs can abuse GW501516 as the drug can be easily obtained via the Internet. Since January 2009, the list of prohibited substances and methods of doping as established by the World Anti-Doping Agency includes GW-501516, first as a gene doping substance and now in the S4.5 Metabolic modulators class. It is prohibited at all times. Using LC/MS-MS and confirmation by LC/HRM, after methanol incubation of 20 mg with ultrasound for 1 hour, GW501516 was identified in the hair of a male abuser at 32 and 22 pg/mg in 2 × 2 cm segments. The result is the first evidence that this compound with a carboxylic acid function is incorporated in human hair. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Rational cathode design and compositing are expected to promote the compact Li-S batteries with the minimization of unloaded and non-polar volume spaces, which often take a high fraction in loose host framework with the prevailing point contacts between discrete catalyst nanodomains and conductive substrate. Herein, we propose a construction of sandwich structured host full of continuous 2D catalysis-conduction interfaces. This MoN-C-MoN trilayer architecture causes the strong conformal adsorption of S/Li2Sx and their high-efficiency conversion on the two-sided nitride polar surfaces, which are supplied with high-flux electron transfer from the buried carbon interlayer. The 3D self-assembly of these 2D sandwich structures further reinforces the interconnection of conductive and catalytic networks. The maximized exposure of adsorptive/catalytic planes endows the MoN-C@S electrode with excellent cycling stability (capacity degradation rate as small as 0.033% per cycle at 1 C over 1000 cycles) and high rate performance (515 mAh/g at 4.0 C) even under high S loading (75.7 wt%) and low host surface area (97 m2/g). The high conductivity of this trilayer texture does not compromise the capacity retention (604 mAh/g after 500 cycles) after increasing the S content to 3.4 mg/cm2. Such a job-synergistic mode between catalytic and conductive functions guarantees the homogeneous deposition of S/Li2Sx, and avoids their thick and devitalized accumulation (electrode passivation) even after high-rate and long-term cycling. Our chelation-ammonification method provides a facile solution to the dispersion of metal-cations and following attenuation of their nitride products during phase separation between C and MoN nuclei. The resultant plane-to-plane contact between MoN and C laminates addresses a novel preparation method of 2D nitrides. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Oligonucleotides (ONs) are gaining increasing importance as a promising novel class of biopharmaceuticals. Thanks to their fundamental role in gene regulation, they can be used to develop custom-made drugs (also called N-to-1) able to act on the gene expression at pre-translational level. With recent approvals of ON-based therapeutics by FDA, a growing demand for high-quality chemically-modified ONs is emerging and their market is expected to impressively prosper in the very next future. To satisfy this growing market demand, a scalable and economically sustainable ON production is needed. In this paper, the state of the art of the whole ON production process is illustrated with the aim of highlighting the most promising routes towards the auspicated market-size production. S961 In particular, the most recent advancements in both the upstream stage, mainly based on solid-phase synthesis and recombinant technology, and the downstream one, focusing on chromatographic techniques, are reviewed. Since ON production is projected to expand to the large scale, automatized multi-column countercurrent technologies will reasonably be required soon to replace the current ones based on batch single-column operations. Cutting edge purification solutions, based on continuous chromatography, will be thus presented in the last part of this review. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.INTRODUCTION Catheter ablation of the parahisian accessory pathways (PHAP) has been established as the definitive therapy for this type of arrhythmia. However, the PHAP proximity to the normal atrioventricular conduction system makes the procedure technically challenging. Here, we have reported a case series of 20 patients with PHAP who underwent aortic access ablation to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this approach in the PHAP ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS The ablation through the aortic cusps was the successful approach in 13 of 20 (65%) of the cases. In 11 patients, the aortic approach was the initial strategy for ablation, and the accessory pathway was eliminated in seven (63.6%) of them. The aortic approach followed a failed right-sided attempt in nine patients. In six (66.7%) patients, the ablation was successful with the aortic approach. The only independent predictor for the successful ablation with each approach was the earliest ventricular activation before delta wave (predelta time) and a right-sided earliest ventricular activation of more than 23 ms had high sensitivity and specificity for right-sided success. Systematically using the two strategies (right and left approaches), the ablation of the PHAP was successful in 18 (90%) patients. CONCLUSION The aortic approach seems to be a safe and effective strategy for the ablation of PHAP. It can be used when the right-sided approach fails or even considered as an initial strategy when the predelta time is less than 23 ms in the right septal region. When combining the right- and left-sided approaches, the success rate is high. We believe that the retrograde aortic approach remains a key tool for this challenging ablation. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.