Finally, the expression of defence-related genes, including the genes associated with secondary metabolism (ANTS, PAL, STS, Vv17.3), defence proteins (GLUC, PR1, PGIP), redox status (GTS1) and ethylene synthesis (ACC), was found to be strongly upregulated in PsJN + SM 26 cotreated plants compared to non-treated plants (controls), especially for Chardonnay. Conclusion The systemic profungicide SM 26 interacts with the biocontrol agent PsJN to stimulate some plant defence responses, and their combined use may present a potential integrated control strategy against GTDs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Background There is a lack of reports on the awareness of Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) prevention and treatment in the general Chinese population. And whether the knowledge level will affect their action toward screening was unknown. This study aimed to conduct a national survey on the knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding H pylori infection in Chinese physicians and the public. Methods This was an Internet-based survey of the general Chinese population and Chinese physicians from different specialties, carried out from January to February 2019. Both surveys (general population’s and physicians’) included questions to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward H pylori and its action. Results A total of 3211 people and 546 physicians were enrolled. In the population, the proportion of subjects who answered correctly to all questions about H pylori’s infectivity was only 16%, and that for H pylori’s harmfulness and that for H pylori preventive measures were 35% and 43.6%, respectively. In general, physicians had a better understanding of H pylori’s harmfulness (83.9%) than the other population. The vast majority of the surveyed population (87.0%) and physicians (82.2%) supported a national H pylori screening plan to prevent gastric cancer. The support ratio paralleled with the overall knowledge level. Unexpectedly, gastroenterologists tend to have a relatively low support rate for H pylori screening than non-gastroenterologists (58.2% vs 84.2%, P less then .001), which may be related to consideration of heavy medical burden (67.3%). Conclusions The general population in China has relatively insufficient awareness of H pylori, which is incompatible with the highly infectious status. More works on health education are needed to improve the knowledge of this gastric pathogen.Background Asia minor bluegrass (Polypogon fugax) is one of the main weeds invading Chinese canola fields. The P. fugax resistant population SC-R, which survived quizalofop-p-ethyl at the field-recommended rate (67.5 g ha-1 ), was collected from a canola field in Qingsheng County in China. The present study aimed to (1) characterize the SC-R resistance pattern to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides, and (2) investigate the mechanism of quizalofop-p-ethyl resistance in this population. Results Dose-response studies showed that resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl and haloxyfop occurred in the SC-R population. Four transcripts/genes encoding the plastidic ACCase carboxyl-transferase domain were isolated from the P. fugax plants. No mutations in the four ACCase genes were detected in the SC-R population compared to the SC-S population. Pre-treatment with the known glutathione S-transferase (GST) inhibitor 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBDCl), reversed resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl and partially reversed resistance to haloxyfop-R-methyl in the resistant population (SC-R). However, the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion did not reverse the resistance. There was no difference in basal GST activity (using CDNB as a substrate), but there was higher inducible GST activity in SC-R relative to SC-S. Two GST genes, GST2c and GSTL3, were constitutively overexpressed in the resistant SC-R population. Conclusion This study confirmed that resistance to quizalofop-p-ethyl in the resistant P. fugax population is likely nontarget-site based involving GST, and this resistance mechanism also partially confers haloxyfop-R-methyl resistance.Herein we describe enantioselective syntheses of strychnos and chelidonium alkaloids. In the first case, indole acetic acid esters were established as excellent partner nucleophiles for enantioselective cooperative isothiourea/Pd catalyzed a -alkylation. This provides products containing indole-bearing stereocenters in high yield and with excellent levels of enantioinduction in a manner that is notably independent of the N -substituent. This led to concise syntheses of (-)-akuammicine and (-)-strychnine . In the second case, the poor performance of ortho -substituted cinnamyl electrophiles in the enantioselective cooperative isothiourea/Ir catalyzed a -alkylation was overcome by appropriate substituent choice, leading to enantioselective syntheses of (+)-chelidonine, (+)-norchelidonine and (+)-chelamine.Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) hold strong promise for a variety of light harvesting, emitting and detecting applications, all of which, however, could be complicated by multicarrier Auger recombination. Therefore, a complete documentation of the size and composition dependent Auger recombination rates of these NCs is highly desirable, as it can guide the system design in many applications. Here we report the synthesis and Auger measurements of monodisperse APbX 3 (A= Cs and FA; X = Cl, Br, and I) NCs in an extensive size range (~3-9 nm). selleck inhibitor The biexciton Auger lifetime of all the NCs scales linearly with the NC volume. The scaling coefficient is virtually independent of the cation but rather depends sensitively on the anion, which is 0.035, 0.085 and 0.142 ps per nm 3 for Cl, Br, and I, respectively. All of these are much faster than that in standard CdSe and PbSe NCs (~1 ps per nm 3 ).Background This study aimed to investigate whether an immunohistochemical prognostic model (IHC4 score) can predict the prognosis and the chemotherapy benefit in patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+)/human epidermal growth receptor 2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Materials and methods We developed a method to calculate the modified IHC4 (mIHC4) scores based on routine pathological reports and compared them with the original IHC4 scores that were much more difficult to calculate. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to study the prognostic factors of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The predictive value of mIHC4 score was also investigated. Results The Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital data set included 315 patients with newly diagnosed ER+ MBC with a median follow-up of 25.6 months. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that higher mIHC4 scores in metastatic lesions, but not the ones in primary tumors, were significantly associated with worse PFS and OS.