h and physical function in men and women.Centrioles form centrosomes and cilia. Selleck C75 In most proliferating cells, centrioles assemble through canonical duplication, which is spatially, temporally, and numerically regulated by the cell cycle and the presence of mature centrioles. However, in certain cell types, centrioles assemble de novo, yet by poorly understood mechanisms. Herein, we established a controlled system to investigate de novo centriole biogenesis, using Drosophila melanogaster egg explants overexpressing Polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4), a trigger for centriole biogenesis. We show that at a high Plk4 concentration, centrioles form de novo, mature, and duplicate, independently of cell cycle progression and of the presence of other centrioles. Plk4 concentration determines the temporal onset of centriole assembly. Moreover, our results suggest that distinct biochemical kinetics regulate de novo and canonical biogenesis. Finally, we investigated which other factors modulate de novo centriole assembly and found that proteins of the pericentriolar material (PCM), and in particular γ-tubulin, promote biogenesis, likely by locally concentrating critical components.Ionizing radiation induces DNA damage to cycling cells which, if left unrepaired or misrepaired, can cause cell inactivation or heritable, viable mutations. The latter can lead to cell transformation, which is thought to be an initial step of cancer formation. Consequently, the study of radiation-induced cell transformation promises to offer insights into the general properties of radiation carcinogenesis. As for other end points, the effectiveness in inducing cell transformation is elevated for radiation qualities with high linear energy transfer (LET), and the same is true for cancer induction. In considering DNA damage as a common cause of both cell death and transformations, a worthwhile approach is to apply mathematical models for the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of cell killing to also assess the carcinogenic potential of high-LET radiation. In this work we used an established RBE model for cell survival and clinical end points, the local effect model (LEM), to estimate the transformation prolands of mice. Again, the developed method shows the same characteristics as the experimental data. We conclude that the presented method is helpful to predictively assess RBE for both neoplastic cell transformation and tumor induction after ion exposure within a wide range of LET values. The theoretical concept requires a non-linear component in the photon dose response for carcinogenic end points as a precondition for the observed enhanced effects after ion exposure, thus contributing to a long debate in epidemiology. Future work will use the method for assessing cancer induction in radiation therapy and exposure scenarios frequently discussed in radiation protection.The brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera Pentatomidae), is a well-documented pest of agricultural crops across the globe. However, not all crops are suitable hosts for H. halys, and it is necessary to proactively document the susceptibility of economically important specialty crops, such as cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon; Ericaceae), a native fruit crop that contributes millions of dollars to the North American economy. In this study, we tested whether cranberry is a suitable host for H. halys by measuring the development and feeding injury inflicted by H. halys on cranberry fruit and foliage. We found that H. halys nymphs cannot successfully develop on cranberry fruit or foliage alone, but that the fruit are susceptible to adult feeding. On the basis of these findings, cranberry does not seem to be a suitable host to support nymph development, but adult feeding could negatively impact fruit quality. Future research should consider the impacts of adult feeding on fruit quality and how adult abundance in and near agricultural crops might change the risk profile of this pest.

Consensus is lacking regarding delivery of public health services in community pharmacy.

The objective of this study was to explore pharmacists’ perspectives on public health initiatives in community practice.

Australian community pharmacists were randomly sampled to participate in face-to-face, semi-structured interviews to explore public health definitions and perceptions.

Nine pharmacists participated early 2020, pre-COVID-19. Mean interview duration was 23 min. Results revealed little distinction between individual and public health services. Barriers to service provision were lack of time, remuneration, training, standards and privacy. Enablers opposed barriers, namely accessibility, improved funding, education, standardised services and consulting rooms.

Improved clarity is required regarding the role that community pharmacists can assume in provision of public health.

Improved clarity is required regarding the role that community pharmacists can assume in provision of public health.

Everyday discrimination holds pernicious effects across most aspects of health, including a pronounced stress response. However, work is needed on when discrimination predicts sleep outcomes, with respect to potential moderators of these associations.

The current study sought to advance the past literature by examining the associations between everyday discrimination and sleep outcomes in an ethnically diverse sample, allowing tests of moderation by ethnic group. We also examined the role of sense of purpose, a potential resilience factor, as another moderator.

Participants in the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health (n = 758; 52.8% female; mage 60 years, sd = 2.03) completed assessments for everyday discrimination, sleep duration, daytime dysfunction due to sleep, sleep quality, and sense of purpose.

In the full sample, everyday discrimination was negatively associated with sleep duration, sleep quality, and sense of purpose, while positively associated with daytime dysfunction due to ociations between sleep and discrimination, and identify which sources of discrimination may be most problematic.