The X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses of the samples before and after acid leaching show that the rare earth oxides were completely leached and Ce(III) was not oxidized to its tetravalent form. The apparent activation energies of leaching rare earths were calculated as 14.326 kJ/mol, and the HCl leaching process can be described by a new variant of the shrinking-core model, in which both the interfacial transfer and the diffusion through the product layer influenced the reaction rate. Furthermore, a semiempirical rate equation was created to describe the leaching process of the nonoxidative roasted ore.The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of hexosomes (HEXs) as competent platforms for fluoxetine hydrochloride (FH) repurposing against HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma. Different FH-loaded HEX formulations were prepared and optimized by the hot emulsification method. The HEX features such as particle size, ζ potential, and drug entrapment efficiency (EE%) can be tailored by tuning HEX components and fabrication conditions. The composition of the optimized FH hexosome (OFH-HEX) was composed of 3.1, 1.4, 0.5, 0.2, and 94.8% for glyceryl monooleate, oleic acid, pluronic F127, FH, and deionized water, respectively. The anionic OFH-HEX with a particle size of 145.5 ± 2.5 nm and drug EE% of 45.4 ± 1.2% was able to prolong the in vitro FH release, where only 19.5 ± 2.3% released in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) pH 7.4 after 24 h. Contrarily, HEX rapidly released FH in acetate buffer pH 5.5 and achieved a 90.5 ± 4.7% release after 24 h. The obtained HEX showed an improved cellular internalization in a time-dependent manner and enhanced the cytotoxicity (2-fold higher than FH solution). The current study suggests the potential of FH-HEX as a possible anticancer agent against hepatocellular carcinoma.Clay swelling is one of the challenges faced by the oil industry. Water-based drilling fluids (WBDF) are commonly used in drilling operations. The selection of WBDF depends on its performance to improve rheology, hydration properties, and fluid loss control. However, WBDF may result in clay swelling in shale formations during drilling. selleck chemicals llc In this work, the impact of imidazolium-based ionic liquids on the clay swelling was investigated. The studied ionic liquids have a common cation group, 1-allyl-3-methyllimidozium, but differ in anions (bromide, iodide, chloride, and dicyanamide). The inhibition behavior of ionic liquids was assessed by linear swell test, inhibition test, capillary suction test, rheology, filtration, contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the ionic liquids with different anions reduced the clay swelling. Ionic liquids having a dicyanamide anion showed slightly better swelling inhibition performance compared to other inhibitors. Scanning electron microscopy images showed the water tendency to damage the clay structure, displaying asymmetrical cavities and sharp edges. Nevertheless, the addition of an ionic liquid to sodium bentonite (clay) exhibited fewer cavities and a smooth and dense surface. XRD results showed the increase in d-spacing, demonstrating the intercalation of ionic liquids in interlayers of clay. The results showed that the clay swelling does not strongly depend on the type of anion in imidazolium-based ILs. However, the type of anion in imidazolium-based ILs influences the rheological properties. The performance of ionic liquids was compared with that of the commonly used clay inhibitor (sodium silicate) in the oil and gas industry. ILs showed improved performance compared to sodium silicate. The studied ionic liquids can be an attractive alternative for commercial clay inhibitors as their impact on the other properties of the drilling fluids was less compared to commercial inhibitors.The low-pressure gas in the vacuum plume produced by the chemical thrusters contaminates the spacecraft when adsorbed on the low-temperature surface. To provide theoretical support for further research on gaseous plume pollutants, the adsorption isotherms of low-pressure H2O were measured by a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) at temperatures ranging from 233 to 273 K. The measured isotherms are similar to the type-I and type-II isotherms and have been correlated by various models (e.g., the Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and universal models). It shows that the universal model has a great advantage in predicting the adsorption at a specific temperature point in our study. To estimate the adsorption at the continuous temperature range, the critical parameters of the multi-Langmuir model were expressed in semiempirical formulas. Since the normalized isotherms of H2O at different temperatures converge well, a simplified multi-Langmuir (SML) model was proposed. The experimental results at the temperature and pressure ranges we explored are consistent with the results predicted by the SML model, suggesting that the SML model is more suitable and convenient to predict the low-pressure adsorption of H2O for a continuous low-temperature range. Moreover, the low-pressure adsorption behaviors of H2O and CO2 on the low-temperature surface are compared and discussed.Chemical strengthening is considered as the most suitable method for strengthening thin glass sheets used in mobile phones. The spray method of chemical strengthening requires a slurry to be sprayed on the glass sample to be strengthened. This slurry is prepared by mixing various compounds. In this study, the influence of α-Al2O3 particle size in the slurry on the physical properties of the chemically strengthened glass prepared by the spray method was investigated. The compressive stress (CS) was dramatically enhanced as the particle size of Al2O3 in the slurry decreased. The glass sample with 13 nm α-Al2O3 including the KNO3-Al2O3 slurry exhibited the highest CS of 905 MPa, and the depth-of-layer (DOL) of this sample was 37 μm. The same slurry composition also achieved the highest bending strength of 640 MPa under different heat treatment conditions. The optimization of the heat treatment conditions, such as temperature and time duration, resulted in the highest value of CS (916 MPa) obtained for the sample heated at 400 °C for 1.