on movement under double elastic band application differentiated external rotator muscle and scapular muscle activities between the frontal and scapular plane during the 90/90 exercise in the frontal plane compared with the scapular plane. Clinicians can utilize each of the scapular and frontal positions based on their desired focus for muscular activation.Understanding of the exact topography of the distal radioulnar ligaments insertions remains limited. An anatomical study was performed in 21 fresh frozen cadaveric wrists, where the superficial and deep ligaments were sequentially transected sharply at their ulnar insertions. The relationships between the distal radioulnar ligament footprints relative to the bony landmarks of the ulnar styloid were digitized. Remodelin cell line Our study demonstrated that in the coronal plane, the superficial distal radioulnar ligaments inserted at an average of 87% of the styloid height proximally to the styloid tip distally. The deep distal radioulnar ligaments inserted at an average of 81% of the styloid height distally to the fovea proximally. The superficial footprint had an area of 10.6 mm2 on the ulnar styloid. The deep distal radioulnar ligaments attachment was asymmetric and generally had two separate footprints. This study adds important topographical knowledge about the footprint of the distal radioulnar ligaments and may contribute to understanding the consequences of ulnar styloid fractures and distal radioulnar ligaments lesions.

The correct “dosing” of neuropsychological assessment is of interest for the purposes of cost management and the personalization of medicine/assessment. In this context, embedded IQ screening, rather than routine comprehensive IQ testing, may be useful in identifying youth at risk for Intellectual Disability (ID) for whom further assessment is needed. This retrospective, cross-sectional study examined subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fifth Edition (WISC-5) needed to identify youth with Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) ≤75.

Data were obtained from a large pediatric clinically referred sample (N = 4,299; Mean Age = 10.7 years; Range = 6-16y; 66% male; 54% White; 29% receiving Public Insurance), divided into training (n = 2149) and test (n = 2150) samples.

In the training sample, sequential and additive regression-based models for predicting FSIQ comprised of one (Block Design [BD]), two (BD + Similarities [SI]), three (BD + SI + Matrix Reasoning [MR]), and four (BD + SI + MR + Digit Span [DS]) subtests of the WISC-5 explained 61.3%, 82.7%, 88.5%, and 93.0% of FSIQ variance, respectively. Using a predicted FSIQ ≤ 80 as a cut score to identify persons with observed FSIQ ≤75, the two subtest (BD + SI) model showed strong sensitivity (83.4), specificity (90.5), and negative predictive value (96.2) in the test sample; however, positive predictive value was low (65.3%). Three and four subtest models provided incremental, but modest gains in classification metrics.

Findings suggest the first several subtests of the WISC-5 can be used to identify clinically referred youth at risk for ID who subsequently require full administration of the WISC-5 for consideration of an ID diagnosis.

Findings suggest the first several subtests of the WISC-5 can be used to identify clinically referred youth at risk for ID who subsequently require full administration of the WISC-5 for consideration of an ID diagnosis.The motor and sensory systems work collaboratively to fulfill cognitive tasks, such as speech. For example, it has been hypothesized that neural signals generated in the motor system can transfer directly to the sensory system along a neural pathway (termed as motor-to-sensory transformation). Previous studies have demonstrated that the motor-to-sensory transformation is crucial for speech production. However, it is still unclear how neural representation dynamically evolves among distinct neural systems and how such representational transformation depends on task demand and the degrees of motor involvement. Using three speech tasks – overt articulation, silent articulation, and imagined articulation, the present fMRI study systematically investigated the representational formats and their dynamics in the motor-to-sensory transformation. Frontal-parietal-temporal neural pathways were observed in all three speech tasks in univariate analyses. The extent of the motor-to-sensory transformation network differed when the degrees of motor engagement varied among tasks. The representational similarity analysis (RSA) revealed that articulatory and acoustic information was represented in motor and auditory regions, respectively, in all three tasks. Moreover, articulatory information was cross-represented in the somatosensory and auditory regions in overt and silent articulation tasks. These results provided evidence for the dynamics and task-dependent transformation between representational formats in the motor-to-sensory transformation.In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, many otolaryngology practices worldwide have chosen to shift their consultations from in-person to telemedicine. The addition of the telemedicine model has allowed many physicians to resume their clinical duties while maintaining social distancing. Access to telemedicine generally relies on the patient’s ability to obtain and use technology-factors that are usually dictated by age, education, and socioeconomic status. The Rio Grande Valley, the home of the South Texas Sinus Institute, is a border community situated on the southern tip of Texas. The population is predominantly Hispanic, Spanish speaking, and of a lower socioeconomic level. The aim of this commentary is to describe the effects of the transition to telemedicine in a vulnerable community and the possible improvements that could be made to facilitate access to this resource.Purpose The purpose of the study is to capture goals expressed by older adults with functional limitations and their caregivers. Methods Through focus groups and interviews, 76 older adults with ≥1 activity of daily living limitation and 28 family/friend caregivers were asked about what mattered most to them and their goals for care. Transcripts were coded using an existing taxonomy. Goals that did not fit the taxonomy were assigned new codes. Results We identified more than 50 goals in eight domains. Domains included (a) Medical Care; (b) Quality of Life Physical; (c) Quality of Life Social and Emotional; (d) Access to Services and Supports; (e) Caregiver Needs and Concerns; (f) End of Life; (g) Independence; and (h) Acceptable Housing. Conclusion While there is overlap between identified goals and the existing taxonomy, new goals emerged. The goal domains identified could serve as a framework to improve and measure the quality of goal-oriented care for older adults with complex needs.