Cirrhosis is an end-stage liver disease and is reported as an independent risk factor for cryptococcosis. Information about cryptococcosis in patients with cirrhosis remains sparse.

Human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected patients with cryptococcosis and cirrhosis admitted to Huashan Hospital from July 2005 to June 2020 were reviewed. Efficacy and safety of antifungal treatments, clinical outcome, and prognostic factors of mortality were evaluated.

A total of 49 cryptococcosis patients with cirrhosis were included. Sites of infection involved central nervous system (n = 38), lung (n = 21), bloodstream (n = 11), skin (n = 1), and bone (n = 1). Nine patients (18.4%) had pulmonary cryptococcosis alone. Viral hepatitis B infection (57.1%) was the most common cause of cirrhosis. Patients with decompensated cirrhosis (Child-Pugh class B and C) were more likely to have extrapulmonary cryptococcosis than those with compensated cirrhosis (90.7% vs 64.7%;

= .049). In patients with cryptococcal meningitis (CM),osis are key for outcome.Retrospective analysis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use among individuals with PrEP indications demonstrates worsening disparities in uptake between early- and late-adopting states from 2014 to 2018. To end the HIV epidemic, federal and state governments must close gaps by translating successful policies from early-adopting states to late-adopting states.We present the case of a 19-year-old man with an open fracture of the tibia and fibula secondary to an accident with an all-terrain vehicle. He underwent operative excisional irrigation, debridement, and fixation on the day of injury. C-176 concentration His course was complicated by nonunion of the tibia fracture. Infection is a common factor in fracture nonunion, even in patients who receive appropriate surgical and antimicrobial management. Paenibacillus turicensis, an organism adapted to survive in the environment via spore formation, was responsible for nonunion in our patient. A brief discussion of this unusual organism, fracture nonunion, and the role of infection in etiology of nonunion follows.Urine 11-dehydro-thromboxane B2 (u11-dh-TxB2), 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and liver-type fatty acid binding protein levels (L-FABP) at the time of hospitalization were higher in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with adverse events vs without events. Higher u11-dh-TxB2 and L-FABP levels were associated with longer hospitalization, more thrombotic events, and greater mortality, providing evidence for potential utility as early prognostic biomarkers for COVID-19.

Monoclonal antibody treatment may prevent complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We sought to quantify the impact of bamlanivimab monoclonal antibody monotherapy on hospitalization and mortality among outpatients at high risk of COVID-19 complications.

In this observational study we compared outpatients who received bamlanivimab monoclonal antibody from December 9, 2020 to March 3, 2021 to nontreated patients with a positive polymerase chain reaction or antigen test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the same period who were eligible for monoclonal antibody treatment. The primary outcome was 28-day hospitalization or all-cause mortality, and the secondary outcome was hospitalization or emergency department visit without hospitalization. The risk-adjusted odds of study outcomes comparing bamlanivimab treated and untreated patients was determined using 15 propensity matching and multivariable logistic regression.

Among 232 patients receiving bamlanivimabtality within 28 days. Benefit was strongest in those age 65 years or older.

Bamlanivimab monoclonal antibody monotherapy was associated with reduced hospitalizations and mortality within 28 days among outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19.Use of bamlanivimab monotherapy for outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 infection was associated with reductions in hospitalizations and mortality within 28 days. Benefit was strongest in those age 65 years or older.Disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (dMAC) is typically seen in individuals with impaired cell-mediated immunity and is best described in those with HIV. Recently, cases have been described in otherwise healthy individuals with neutralizing antibodies to interferon-gamma (nIFNγ-autoAb), especially in patients of Southeast Asian descent. Treatment is often refractory to mycobacterial therapies, and the use of rituximab and other immunomodulatory agents has been explored. We report 3 cases of dMAC with nIFN-γ-autoAb and review the available literature on treatment strategies to provide a framework for the management of patients with refractory infections in the context of neutralizing antibodies to interferon-gamma.Antimicrobial dosing in patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy is a continued clinical challenge. We describe a case of a patient receiving cefiderocol 2 g intravenously every 8 hours as a 3-hour infusion for a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and bacteremia while undergoing continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. The clinical course and cefiderocol pharmacokinetics are described.

An estimated 58 749 people with opioid use disorder engaged in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in 1132 centers in Spain during 2017. We aimed to calculate the incidence of severe injection-related infections in people who inject drugs (PWID) engaged in OAT in harm reduction settings without a safe consumption space.

A retrospective cohort study was performed in PWID engaged in OAT and in a mobile harm reduction unit to quantify admissions to a referral hospital for any severe injection-related infections between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019. A Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with any severe injection-related infection.

Two hundred thirty-seven PWID who engaged in OAT were included in the study. After a median follow-up of 5.5 months (interquartile range [IQR], 1.3-22.7 months), a total of 104 episodes of severe injection-related infections occurred among 56 individuals, and admission due to a second event occurred in 35.7% of this same group. The incidence density of any type of severe injection-related infection was 26.