Comments are made, in particular, about the innovative recommendations respectively relating to the adoption of care planning, the establishment, by law, of clinical ethics committees in paediatric hospitals and the limitation of recourse to courts-only as extrema ratio-in the event of irremediable disagreement between the medical team and the family members.The consumption of vegetable oil is an important way for the body to obtain tocols. However, the impact of oil types and grades on the tocopherol and tocotrienol contents in vegetable oils is unclear. In this study, nine types of traditional edible oils and ten types of self-produced new types of vegetable oil were used to analyze eight kinds of tocols. The results showed that the oil types exerted a great impact on the tocol content of traditional edible oils. Soybean oils, corn oils, and rapeseed oils all could be well distinguished from sunflower oils. Both sunflower oils and cotton seed oils showed major differences from camellia oils as well as sesame oils. read more Among them, rice bran oils contained the most abundant types of tocols. New types of oil, especially sacha inchi oil, have provided a new approach to obtaining oils with a high tocol content. Oil refinement leads to the loss of tocols in vegetable oil, and the degree of oil refinement determines the oil grade. However, the oil grade could not imply the final tocol content in oil from market. This study could be beneficial for the oil industry and dietary nutrition.Neglected parasitic diseases remain a major public health issue worldwide, especially in tropical and subtropical areas. Human parasite diversity is very large, ranging from protozoa to worms. In most cases, more effective and new drugs are urgently needed. Previous studies indicated that the gold(I) drug auranofin (Ridaura®) is effective against several parasites. Among new gold(I) complexes, the phosphole-containing gold(I) complex 1-phenyl-2,5-di(2-pyridyl)phospholeAuCl (abbreviated as GoPI) is an irreversible inhibitor of both purified human glutathione and thioredoxin reductases. GoPI-sugar is a novel 1-thio-β-d-glucopyranose 2,3,4,6-tetraacetato-S-derivative that is a chimera of the structures of GoPI and auranofin, designed to improve stability and bioavailability of GoPI. These metal-ligand complexes are of particular interest because of their combined abilities to irreversibly target the essential dithiol/selenol catalytic pair of selenium-dependent thioredoxin reductase activity, and to kill cells from breast and brain tumors. In this work, screening of various parasites-protozoans, trematodes, and nematodes-was undertaken to determine the in vitro killing activity of GoPI-sugar compared to auranofin. GoPI-sugar was found to efficiently kill intramacrophagic Leishmania donovani amastigotes and adult filarial and trematode worms.Infants and young children (IYC) remain the most vulnerable population group to environmental hazards worldwide, especially in economically developing regions such as sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). As a result, several governmental and non-governmental institutions including health, environmental and food safety networks and researchers have been proactive toward protecting this group. Mycotoxins, toxic secondary fungal metabolites, contribute largely to the health risks of this young population. In SSA, the scenario is worsened by socioeconomic status, poor agricultural and storage practices, and low level of awareness, as well as the non-establishment and lack of enforcement of regulatory limits in the region. Studies have revealed mycotoxin occurrence in breast milk and other weaning foods. Of concern is the early exposure of infants to mycotoxins through transplacental transfer and breast milk as a consequence of maternal exposure, which may result in adverse health effects. The current paper presents an overview of mycotoxin occurrence in foods intended for IYC in SSA. It discusses the imperative evidence of mycotoxin exposure of this population group in SSA, taking into account consumption data and the occurrence of mycotoxins in food, as well as biomonitoring approaches. Additionally, it discusses the health implications associated with IYC exposure to mycotoxins in SSA.Chronic neck pain (CNP) patients have weak deep neck flexors (DNF) and a hyperactive sternocleidomastoid (SCM). The cranio-cervical flexion test (CCFT) promotes activation of the DNF and decreases activity of the SCM, promoting pain recovery, but research suggests SCM activation increases with increasing gaze direction. We aimed to investigate how DNF and SCM activation varies according to gaze direction in the CCFT, and to prescribe the appropriate gaze direction for CNP. Twenty-eight CNP subjects had their maximum strength pressure level determined by CCFT for strength (20-~30 mmHg) and at each of the measured pressures, DNF and SCM thickness in each of four gaze directions (0°, 20°, 40°, and 60°) was measured by ultrasound imaging. The DNF to SCM ratio varied significantly according to gaze direction (p less then 0.05), with gaze directions of 20° and 0° being significantly different from 40° (p less then 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in DNF activation according to gaze direction, there was in SCM activation (p less then 0.05), with SCM 60° significantly different from SCM 20° and SCM 40° (p less then 0.05). In order to increase DNF activation efficiency during the CCFT, SCM activation should be controlled, and a gaze direction below 20° is the most efficient. This can inform DNF training of CNP patients in a clinical environment.Decoration of nanostructures is a promising way of improving performances of nanomaterials. In particular, decoration with Au nanoparticles is considerably efficient in sensing and catalysis applications. Here, the mechanism of decoration with Au nanoparticles by means of low-cost electroless deposition (ELD) is investigated on different substrates, demonstrating largely different outcomes. ELD solution with Au potassium cyanide and sodium hypophosphite, at constant temperature (80 °C) and pH (7.5), is used to decorate by immersion metal (Ni) or semiconductor (Si, NiO) substrates, as well as NiO nanowalls. All substrates were pre-treated with a hydrazine hydrate bath. Scanning electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry were used to quantitatively analyze the amount, shape and size of deposited Au. Au nanoparticle decoration by ELD is greatly affected by the substrates, leading to a fast film deposition onto metallic substrate, or to a slow cluster (50-200 nm sized) formation on semiconducting substrate.