5 [517.4-623.3] vs 448.6 [347.1-536.3]).

The total EEG complexity before AED and 6months after ACTH are associated with spasm-freedom.

The total EEG complexity is a potential biomarker to predict and monitor the treatment effect in infantile spasms.

The total EEG complexity is a potential biomarker to predict and monitor the treatment effect in infantile spasms.

To evaluate motor fluctuations in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) using a small-sized wearable device for surface electromyography (EMG) with accelerometry (ACC) for 24 hours.

Seven PD patients with medication were measured once, and nine patients with directional deep brain stimulation (dDBS) twice before and after the dDBS reprogramming. EMG and ACC parameters were compared with clinical rating scores and patients’ home diaries.

The combination of EMG and ACC parameters (first principal component PC

) correlated significantly with patient’s condition as quantified by the motor score of Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and it changed significantly with dDBS reprogramming in line with decreased PD symptoms. Monitoring data detected in comparison with the home diaries 91 % concordance with tremor, 76 % with rigidity, and 74 % with dyskinesia. In the DBS group, the wake-up time with abnormal neuromuscular function was reduced with reprogramming in all except one patient based on measurements.

A wearable device measuring simultaneously both muscle activity and motion can provide continuous and dynamic information about patient’s condition and motor fluctuations at home.

The present method may help to modify pharmacologic management and DBS treatment in advanced PD.

The present method may help to modify pharmacologic management and DBS treatment in advanced PD.

To classify children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and typical development (TD) using short-term spontaneous hemodynamic fluctuations and to explore the abnormality of inferior frontal gyrus and temporal lobe in ASD.

25 ASD children and 22 TD children were measured with functional near-infrared spectroscopy located on the inferior frontal gyrus and temporal lobe. Tanespimycin To extract features used to classify ASD and TD, a multi-layer neural network was applied, combining with a three-layer convolutional neural network, a layer of long and short-term memory network (LSTM) and a layer of LSTM with Attention mechanism. In order to shorten the time of data collection and get more information from limited samples, a sliding window with 3.5s width was utilized after comparisons, and numerous short (3.5s) fNIRS time series were then obtained and used as the input of the multi-layer neural network.

A good classification between ASD and TD was obtained with considerably high accuracy by using a multi-layer neural network in different brain regions, especially in the left temporal lobe, where sensitivity of 90.6% and specificity of 97.5% achieved.

The “CLAttention” multi-layer neural network has the potential to excavate more meaningful features to distinguish between ASD and TD. Moreover, the temporal lobe may be worth further study.

The findings in this study may have implications for rapid diagnosis of children with ASD and provide a new perspective for future medical diagnosis.

The findings in this study may have implications for rapid diagnosis of children with ASD and provide a new perspective for future medical diagnosis.

Single-sided deafness (SSD) is a condition where an individual has a severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss in one ear and normal hearing on the contralateral side. The use of cochlear implants in individuals with SSD leads to functional improvements in hearing. However, it is relatively unclear how sounds incoming via the cochlear implant (independent of the hearing ear) are processed and interpreted by higher-order processes in the brain.

Scalp electroencephalography and auditory event-related potentials were recorded monaurally from nine experienced single sided cochlear implant users. Speech-in-noise and localisation tests were used to measure functional changes in hearing.

cochlear implant use was associated with improvement in speech-in-noise and localisation tests (compared to cochlear implant off). Significant N2 and P3b effects were observed in both cochlear implant and normal hearing ear conditions, with similar waveform morphology and scalp distribution across conditions. Delayed response times and a reduced N2 (but not P3b) effect was measured in the CI condition.

The brain is capable of using processes similar to those in normal hearing to discriminate sounds presented to the cochlear implant. There was evidence of processing difficulty in the cochlear implant condition which could be due to the relatively degraded signals produced by the cochlear implant compared to the normal hearing ear.

Understanding how the brain processes sound provided by a cochlear implant highlights how cortical responses can be used to guide implantation candidacy guidelines and influence rehabilitation recommendations.

Understanding how the brain processes sound provided by a cochlear implant highlights how cortical responses can be used to guide implantation candidacy guidelines and influence rehabilitation recommendations.

To develop a population-based biophysical model of motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) following transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS).

We combined an existing MEP model with population-based cortical modeling. Layer 2/3 excitatory and inhibitory neural populations, modeled with neural-field theory, are stimulated with TMS and feed layer 5 corticospinal neurons, which also couple directly but weakly to the TMS pulse. The layer 5 output controls mean motoneuron responses, which generate a series of single motor-unit action potentials that are summed to estimate a MEP.

A MEP waveform was generated comparable to those observed experimentally. The model captured TMS phenomena including a sigmoidal input-output curve, common paired pulse effects (short interval intracortical inhibition, intracortical facilitation, long interval intracortical inhibition) including responses to pharmacological interventions, and a cortical silent period. Changes in MEP amplitude following theta burst paradigms were observed including variability in outcome direction.