intervention of coronary lesions with borderline FFR under imaging guidance, although not significant, trends towards improved cardiovascular outcomes compared with intervention in this group without adjunctive imaging. These findings are merely speculative without achieving statistical significance in a small subset and need to be further validated in a large scale prospective study.Aims Life expectancy has increased in Israel during recent decades. However, compared to the majority, mostly Jewish population, life expectancy remains low among Israeli Arabs minority, and cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. We compared baseline characteristics and outcomes between Israeli Arab and non-Arab patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods and results A national survey accessed data of 7055 patients (1251, 18% Arabs) hospitalized with ACS. Compared to non-Arab, Arab patients were younger at ACS presentation (59 ± 11 vs. 65 ± 12 years, p less then 0.01), more likely male (81% vs. 77%, p = 0.01), and with higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (47% vs. 34%, p less then 0.01) and smoking history (57% vs. 34%, p less then 0.001). Among patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) ACS, the mean time from first medical contact to the hospital was similar for Arab and non-Arab patients (133 and 137 min, respectively). After adjustment for age, gender, time from first medical contact to hospital arrival, diabetes, hypertension and renal failure, 1-year survival was lower among Arab patients (93.4% vs. 95.1%, p = 0.027), and 5-year survival was not statistically different (84.0% vs. 86.8%, p = 0.059). The survival differences were mostly derived from reduced survival at 1 and 5 years of STEMI Arab patients. Conclusions Israeli Arabs present with ACS at a younger age than non-Arabs and have higher prevalence of smoking and diabetes at presentation. Adjusted 1-year survival was lower among Arab patients. Access to medical care and in-hospital practices during ACS were similar for Arabs and non-Arabs. The findings highlight the impact of risk factors on the early presentation of ACS and the need for a robust risk reduction program for Israeli Arabs.The clinical applicability of G-quadruplexes (G4s) as anticancer drugs is currently being evaluated. Several G4 ligands and aptamers are undergoing clinical trials following the notable examples of quarfloxin and AS1411, respectively. In this review, we summarize the latest achievements and breakthroughs in the use of G4 nucleic acids as both therapeutic tools (‘friends’, as healing anticancer drugs) and targets (‘foes’, within the harmful cancer cell), particularly using aptamers and quadruplex-targeted ligands, respectively. We explore the recent research on synthetic G4 ligands toward the discovery of anticancer therapeutics and their mechanism of action. Additionally, we highlight recent advances in chemical and structural biology that enable the design of specific G4 aptamers to be used as novel anticancer agents.There is now evidence that schizophrenia and especially deficit schizophrenia (DefSCZ) (a phenotype characterized by negative symptoms) is accompanied by activated immune-inflammatory pathways. A subset of patients with schizophrenia and DefSCZ experience physiosomatic symptoms reminiscent of chronic fatigue and fibromyalgia. SB431542 cell line However, there are no data whether, in DefSCZ, physiosomatic symptoms are associated with increased levels of cytokines/chemokines. This study examined the associations between physiosomatic symptoms, as assessed with the FibroFatigue (FF) scale, and symptoms of DefSCZ as well as interleukin IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist (sIL-1RA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and CCL11 (eotaxin) in 120 DefSCZ patients (as defined by the Schedule for Deficit Schizophrenia) and 54 healthy controls. In DefSCZ, there were robust associations between FF and negative symptoms, psychosis, hostility, excitation, mannerism, psychomotor retardation and formal thought disorders. A latent vector extracted from those DefSCZ symptom domains also loaded highly on the total FF score and showed adequate convergent validity, internal consistency reliability and predictive relevance. The FF score was significantly associated with impairments in semantic and episodic memory and executive functions. Soft Independent Modelling of Class Analogy showed that the FF items discriminated DefSCZ from controls with an 100% accuracy. Interleukin IL-1β, IL-1RA, TNF-α and CCL11 explained 59.4% of the variance in the LV extracted from the FF and DefSCZ symptoms. In conclusion, these data show that physiosomatic symptoms are a core component of DefSCZ phenomenology and are strongly associated with activated immune pathways, which have neurotoxic effects.Background Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis (CHR-P) may differ considerably in their response to indicated preventive interventions. No studies have tested this. Method PRISMA-compliant systematic review of the Web of Science (MEDLINE), PsycInfo, CENTRAL and unpublished/gray literature up to 1 September 2019. RCTs in CHR-P individuals, reporting on attenuated positive psychotic symptoms were included. The primary outcome was the variability ratio between the variance of the severity of attenuated positive psychotic symptoms in the indicated intervention condition vs the control condition (needs-based interventions, NBI) at 6 and 12 months. Random effect models, C statistics, meta-regressions/sensitivity analyses and Cochrane Risk of Bias assessment were performed. Results Overall, 1707 individuals from 14 RCTs (57% male, mean age = 20) reporting on the impact of preventive interventions on attenuated positive psychotic symptoms were included. At 6 months, the variability ratio was 1 (95% CI 0.89-1.12). At 12 months, the variability ratio was higher in the indicated intervention compared to the NBI condition but not statistically different 1.09 (95% CI 0.94-1.25). Between-study heterogeneity was serious (I2 = 51% and 68%, respectively), but sensitivity analysis suggested it may be related to two outlying studies or larger variability in the response to treatment in small studies. Conclusions There is no evidence for individual differences in CHR-P response to preventive treatments. Although the study cannot exclude that subsets of CHR-P individuals may respond differently to preventive treatments, it indicates that the average effect of preventive interventions is a reasonable estimate for the CHR-P individual.