However, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Key Words Oestrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, Chronic pyelonephritis, Renal cancer, Renal stroma.

There was a trend of diffuse renal stromal expression of ER and PR in chronic pyelonephritis as compared to healthy specimens. However, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Key Words Oestrogen receptor, Progesterone receptor, Chronic pyelonephritis, Renal cancer, Renal stroma.

To find the association between hyperuricemia and ischemic stroke.

Case-control study.

Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, from October 2015 to September 2016.

A total of 100 patients were recruited in the study. Fifty cases were of acute ischemic stroke and fifty were age- and gender-matched healthy controls. Serum uric acid level was estimted by photometry method at the time of admission. Hyperuricemia was defined as the serum uric acid level of more than 6 mg/dl.

Mean serum uric acid levels in cases and controls were 5.996 ±1.99 mg/dl and 5.042 ±0.91 mg/dl, respectively. Hyperuricemia was present in 23 (46%) patients with ischemic stroke and in 10 (20%) controls. Among ischemic stroke patients, the frequency of hyperuricemia was significantly higher than in controls (p-value =0.006, Odds Ratio (OR) =3.41.) ConclusionSerum uric acid was found significantly elevated in ischemic stroke patients versus controls with 3.41 times more risk of having hyperuricemia in ischemic stroke patients. Key Words Hyperuricemia, Ischemic stroke, Serum uric acid (SUA).

Mean serum uric acid levels in cases and controls were 5.996 ±1.99 mg/dl and 5.042 ±0.91 mg/dl, respectively. Hyperuricemia was present in 23 (46%) patients with ischemic stroke and in 10 (20%) controls. Among ischemic stroke patients, the frequency of hyperuricemia was significantly higher than in controls (p-value =0.006, Odds Ratio (OR) =3.41.) Conclusion Serum uric acid was found significantly elevated in ischemic stroke patients versus controls with 3.41 times more risk of having hyperuricemia in ischemic stroke patients. Key Words Hyperuricemia, Ischemic stroke, Serum uric acid (SUA).The relationships between interleukin (IL)-6 and cardiac myxoma remain to be clarified. This article systematically reviewed the IL-6 properties in cardiac myxoma patients based on retrieval of pertinent literature published between 1998 and 2018. Significant differences were found in circulating IL-6 values between preoperation and 1 and 6 months after operation. Preoperative circulating IL-6 correlated significantly with tumour volume (r=0.8552, p=0.003), while there were no significant correlations with maximal tumour dimension (r=0.2443, p=0.190). No correlation was found between circulating IL-6 at 1 and 6 months after tumour resection with either tumour volume or with maximal tumour dimension. The positive rate of immunostaining of IL-6 in cardiac myxoma tissues was 93.3%. Overproduction of IL-6 is responsible for the inflammatory presentations, constitutional symptoms, and recurrence and distal embolisation of cardiac myxoma. Cardiac myxoma could be a cellular source of IL-6 release. Cardiac myxoma resection is an absolute choice of eliminating IL-6 production in these patients. Key Words Cardiac surgical procedures, Cytokines; Inflammation, Interleukin-6, Neoplasms.

To assess the effect of sleep quality on academic performance of medical university students.

Descriptive study.

King Edward Medical University, Lahore, from December 2017 to April 2018.

Second to final year Medical and Allied Health Sciences students filled out questionnaires that comprised of three major components. With the help of questionnaire, demographic data about the subjects along with academic scores were collected. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleeping Scale (ESS) were used to collect the data. Qualitative variables are represented as frequencies and percentages; while, quantitative variables are reported as mean along with standard deviation ± S.D. Chi-square and was applied for statistical significance, and p-value <0.05 was considered.

A total of 810 students, including both MBBS and Allied Health Sciences (AHS), filled out the questionnaire. Among those, 564 (69.6%) were females and 246 (30.4%) were males. Overall, mean age was 21.35 ±1.51 years. Of the total, 418 (51.6%) were from MBBS programme and 392 (48.4%) were from AHS. No significant relationship was found between PSQI and academic scores. Selleckchem Z-DEVD-FMK However, academic scores had a strong association with ESS scores.

Although the majority of the studied students had poor sleep; but its effect on academic scores was not significant. Key Words Sleep quality, Medical students, Academic performance.

Although the majority of the studied students had poor sleep; but its effect on academic scores was not significant. Key Words Sleep quality, Medical students, Academic performance.

To describe the management and outcome of adult patients after peripheral vascular injuries.

Observational study.

Accident & Emergency Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore, Pakistan, from January 2014 to December 2018.

All adult trauma patients (aged ≥13 years), who were admitted following injury to peripheral blood vessels regardless injuries, were included. Variables including patient data, mechanism of injury, vessel involved, injury severity score (ISS), surgical procedure etc. were retrospectively extracted from patient charts. Binary logistic and multinomial regression analyses were performed. The p-value <0.05 was considered significant for mortality and limb outcome.

There were 117 patients, with mean age of 28.9±11.6 years. The commonest cause was blunt trauma (55.6%). The popliteal artery was most commonly involved (44.4%). Complete transection of artery was the most common type of injury (58.1%). The mean ISS was 17.2 ± 10. Reverse saphenous vein graft (RSVG) was the most common surgiciotomy, Popliteal artery, Mortality.

Low hemoglobin on presentation, postoperative increased requirement of blood transfusions and having reverse saphenous graft as procedure were independent risk factors for amputation. ISS score and postoperative complications led to higher amputation and mortality rates after surgery. Key Words Injury severity score (ISS), Glasgow coma scale (GCS), Reverse saphenous graft (RSVG), Fasciotomy, Popliteal artery, Mortality.