Our conservative analysis, anticipated to underestimate true prevalence, predicts 18% of the genomes examined contain at least one prophage, the majority (97%) were found within genomes of cultured isolates. These results highlight the need for cultivation of additional model systems to better capture the diversity of temperate phage-host interactions in the oceans.Paid maternity leave is an essential component of a progressive society. It can enhance postnatal health, improve mother and child wellbeing, and deliver better labor market outcomes for mothers. We evaluate the impact of the introduction of Australia’s national Paid Parental Leave (PPL) scheme in 2011 and complementary Dad and Partner Pay (DAPP) in 2013 on maternal mental health. DMX-5084 molecular weight Using a sample of 1480 births to eligible, partnered women between 2004 and 2016 and examining a range of mental health outcomes from the Household, Income, andLabour Dynamics in Australia survey, we find depression likelihood reduced significantly in post-reform years. When focusing on post-DAPP years and women whose partners had concurrent access to DAPP, significant mental health improvements were found across a wider range of measures including the Mental Component Summary score and specific Short Form-36 items with a high sensitivity for detecting major depression. Subgroup analysis suggests significant improvements applied specifically to first-time mothers and mothers with employer-paid maternity leave and unpaid leave entitlements. These results suggest that an increase in PPL and DAPP entitlements for mothers without access to employer-paid and unpaid leave entitlements, particularly those in less secure employment, may further reduce postnatal depression and improve health equity in Australia.

The aims of this work were to translate, culturally adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Self-Management and Transition to Adulthood with R

= Treatment Questionnaire.

Children and young people with chronic diseases are expected to start self-managing their diseases and have a smooth and coordinated transition from paediatric- to adult-oriented care.

This study involved the cultural adaptation of a questionnaire into Chinese and examined its factor structure.

This was a multicentre cross-sectional study of children and young people/adolescents (8-18 years) who were diagnosed with chronic diseases in China from June 2016 to December 2018. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to analyse the questionnaire’s validity.

Four major factors were identified in the Chinese version of the questionnaire, and it had a good fit to the target population. The internal reliability was good. All factors were positively and strongly correlated with the total score. The t test revealed that the Medication Management score was not significantly different between two age groups (8-11 and 12-18 years), but the scores of the other factors and overall scale were lower in the 8-11 years age group.

The Chinese version of the questionnaire has good reliability and validity in the Chinese context.

The Chinese version of the questionnaire has good reliability and validity in the Chinese context.

Most large-volume centres use left heart bypass (LHB) as their preferred organ protection strategy during repair of descending thoracic aortic (DTA) and thoracoabdominal aortic (TAA) pathologies. We investigate the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) for similar pathologies and compare the outcomes of both.

A PubMed, Embase and Scopus search for studies in English on LHB versus HCA for repair of DTA and TAA pathologies published from inception till February 2020 was performed. Our analysis excluded studies without direct comparison of the two organ protection strategies. Clinical endpoints that were studied were 30-day mortality, post-operative stroke, spinal cord deficit, renal failure and respiratory failure. Random effects meta-analyses of the effect of the two strategies across all clinical endpoints were conducted.

HCA is non-inferior to LHB across all clinical endpoints. In terms of 30-day mortality (odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31-4.59, P = 0.14, I

= 49%), stroke (OR 0.41, 95% CI 0.12-1.39, P = 0.97, I

= 0%), spinal cord deficit (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.22-1.45, P = 0.78, I

= 0%), renal failure (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.37-4.76, P = 0.98, I

= 0%) and respiratory failure (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.37-1.97, P = 0.16, I

= 46%), there was no statistically significant difference between the two cohorts.

Evidence is limited, but suggests that HCA alone provides adequate organ protection during repair of DTA and TAA pathologies, and has equivalent outcomes when compared to LHB.

Evidence is limited, but suggests that HCA alone provides adequate organ protection during repair of DTA and TAA pathologies, and has equivalent outcomes when compared to LHB.Though Sanggenon G (SanG) from root bark of Morus alba was known to exhibit anti-oxidant and anti-depressant effects, its underlying mechanisms still remain unclear. Herein SanG reduced the viability of A549 and H1299 non-small lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). Also, SanG increased sub-G1 population via inhibition of cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and Bcl-2, cleavages of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3 in A549 and H1299 cells. Of note, SanG effectively inhibited c-Myc expression by activating ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) and reducing c-Myc stability even in the presence of cycloheximide and 20% serum in A549 cells. Furthermore, SanG enhanced the apoptotic effect with doxorubicin in A549 cells. Taken together, our results for the first time provide novel evidence that SanG suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis via caspase-3 activation and RPL5 mediated inhibition of c-Myc with combinational potential with doxorubicin.Propolis is a viscous resin consisting of plant material (shoots, flowers, and plant exudates), salivary secretions and waxes produced by Apis mellifera bees. Its popular use aroused the interests of scientific research, which proved to be a potential source of various bioactive substances. The chemical composition of propolis depends on several factors, such as the different types of plant sources collected by bees, geographic origin, and the time of year in which they are produced, but it is known that phenolic represent the main bioactive constituents of propolis. Baccharis dracunculifolia DC (Asteraceae) is the most important botanical source of propolis and a native to southeastern Brazil. It is widely known as the green propolis because of its deep green color. One of its major phenolic acids is artepillin C (Art-C), a diprenyl-p-hydroxycinnamic acid derivative. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the pharmacological effects of Art-C. The limited number of publications on this topic over the past two decades have been collected from databases and summarized.