All the data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests using SPSS 23. Results. The average initial setting time for groups A, B, and C were 10.39±1.19, 16.17±1.40, and 24.46±1.51, respectively. The average final setting time for groups A, B, and C were 15.97±0.79, 24.31±0.88) and 33.37±0.66, respectively. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests showed significant differences in the initial and final setting times between the three groups (P less then 0.05). Conclusion. There were differences in setting time between dental plaster, white orthodontic gypsum, and construction gypsum. The construction gypsum’s setting time is suitable as a type II dental gypsum, according to ADA No.25.Background. The best prosthetic appliances exhibit a high level of similarity to the lost organ. Color should exhibit favorable stability, as a critical factor in the esthetic appearance of dental prostheses and materials used in fabricating prostheses. The present in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate color changes of three different brands of acrylic resin teeth in three different beverages. Methods. In this in vitro study, 10 samples from each brand of acrylic resin tooth (Ivoclar, Italy; BStar, Iran; and BetaDent, Iran) were immersed in the following beverages for one week tea, orange juice, natural carrot juice, and distilled water (control). CCI-779 The color parameters were measured using the spectrophotometry technique before and after immersion, and changes were calculated. The same procedures were carried out with the same number of samples at 30-day interval. Data were analyzed with multivariate ANOVA and post hoc Tukey tests. Results. After seven days, Ivoclar and BStar brands exhibited the minimum (1.78) and maximum (3.39) color changes, respectively (P0.05). Conclusion. Different beverages resulted in color changes with different patterns in different brands of acrylic resin teeth. Overall, the Ivoclar brand exhibited less color changes compared to BStar and BetaDent brands. In the first week, all the three brands and in 30 days, Ivoclar and BStar brands exhibited clinically acceptable color changes.Background. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature or +4°C on the cyclic fatigue resistance of K3XF files. Methods. Forty-eight new K3XF files (#30, .04 taper) were randomly assigned to three groups control group (no irrigation), continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature, and continuous irrigation with saline solution at +4°C. The instruments were tested in an artificial, stainless steel root canal with a double curvature at body temperature (37±1°C). Time to fracture was converted to the number of cycles to fracture (NCF). The lengths of the fractured fragments were recorded. Kruskal-Wallis H test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze data. Results. K3XF files’ cyclic fatigue resistance was significantly higher in the continuous irrigation groups than in the control group. Continuous irrigation with saline solution at +4°C resulted in higher cyclic fatigue resistance than continuous irrigation with saline solution at room temperature. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of the fractured fragments’ length. Conclusion. Within this study’s limitations, continuous irrigation with saline solution increased the NCF of NiTi instruments; decreasing the saline solution’s temperature increased this effect.Background. Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) occurs in the alveolar bone; therefore, any condition affecting bone quality can alter OTM. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of amitriptyline on OTM in rats. Methods. Forty-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (I) no injection, (II) injection with saline solution, and (III) injection of amitriptyline. Next, a 60-gr force was applied to the maxillary left first molar tooth of all the rats, using a nickel‒titanium closed-coil spring ligated between the maxillary incisors and the left first molar tooth. The rats were sacrificed after 21 days to measure OTM and perform histological analysis to determine the number, width, and depth of resorptive lacunae, osteoclast counts, and periodontal ligament (PDL) width. Results. The highest and the lowest OTM rates were found in the control and amitriptyline groups, respectively; however, there was no significant difference between the study groups in this regard. Histological analysis showed a significantly lower number of resorption lacunae in the amitriptyline group than the saline group. Conclusion. Although no significant difference was noted in OTM after amitriptyline administration, a reduction in the number of resorptive lacunae in rats injected with amitriptyline suggests that amitriptyline affects the bone tissue at the cellular level.In all living things, temperature is a key factor to maintain function and survive. Animals and plants need to adapt temperature change with optimizing their behaviour and growth by sensing temperature. Similarly, tumour cells must adapt continuously to fluctuations in external conditions including temperature. To find a better environment, cancer cells promote growth and metastasis, which contributes to tumour malignancy. Pathological studies in breast cancer have implied that temperature is associated with disease progression. However, no clear mechanisms have emerged for how thermal changes affect tumour cells and their gene regulation in tumour development and malignancy. Here we discovered the temperature-dependent extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion in breast cancer. Cancer cell growth and EV secretion increased in a temperature-dependent manner, which indicated that temperatures were associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. We also found that low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), a responsible gene for temperature-dependent EV secretion, was upregulated with the increase in temperature. Consistent with our results, LDLR gene has been characterized and identified as a key factor for malignancy in a wide range of cancers. Our findings shed new light on tumour aggressiveness and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer, especially regarding EV formation and secretion, thus providing a new relationship between cancer and EV biology in the light of temperature.