Background Although ICD-11 adjustment (AjD), posttraumatic stress (PTSD) and complex posttraumatic stress (CPTSD) are commonly diagnosed disorders following exposure to stressful or traumatic life events, their dimensional structure and co-occurrence has never been tested in a single study. The present study explored the latent structure of AjD, PTSD, and CPTSD symptoms and their relationship to stressful and traumatic life events to determine the degree of distinctiveness between these constructs.Methods Participants were clinical patients (N = 331) who completed self-report measures of stressful and traumatic life events, AjD (The Adjustment Disorder – New Module 8 (ADNM-8)) and PTSD / CPTSD (The International Trauma Questionnaire – ITQ).Results Using confirmatory factor analysis, a second-order model comprised of correlated latent variables of AjD, PTSD, and CPTSD provided the best fit of the data. It was also found that stressors and traumatic life events were positively associated with all of these conditions although childhood trauma was only associated with CPTSD.Conclusions The current findings support the ICD-11 model of related-but-distinct stress-related disorders. We discuss the existence of a stress-response continuum and how the current findings impact the development of clinical interventions that may be shared across, or unique to, each stress-related disorder.Background and objectives Cognitive-behavioral interventions have been shown to be effective treatments for test anxiety. Studies on school-aged populations, however, are lacking. Design and methods In the present study we evaluated a six-session cognitive-behavioral intervention for test anxiety in a sample of secondary school students aged 14-16 years preparing for high-stakes examinations. Furthermore, we extended outcomes to include school-related wellbeing and clinical anxiety. A screening procedure was used to identify highly test anxious persons who were randomly allocated to intervention or wait-list control groups. Results Test anxiety showed a large reduction following intervention compared to control group participants who showed a moderate reduction. Clinical anxiety showed a small to moderate reduction following intervention compared to control group participants who showed a negligible reduction. The reduction in clinical anxiety was mediated by concurrent reductions in test anxiety. Conclusion This supports an integrative network approach that deactivating core aspects of anxiety can deactivate associated networks of anxiety symptoms. The intervention showed no impact on school-related wellbeing which increased at a similar rate for both intervention and control group participants. This is likely because test anxiety is just one contributor of many to school-related wellbeing. Implications for school-based treatments are discussed.

To investigate the extent to which age and specific sources of caregiving stress are associated with cancer caregivers’ health.

New colorectal cancer caregivers (

 = 88; age

 = 49) reported caregiving stress (i.e., disrupted schedule, lacking family support, financial strain) and mental and physical health, and collected saliva samples assayed for neuroendocrine biomarkers (cortisol and α-amylase).

Disrupted daily schedule due to caregiving was associated with poorer self-reported mental health across all ages (

4.19, 95% CI -6.59–1.80,

<.01), and associated with dysregulated cortisol patterns among older caregivers, but with more regulated cortisol patterns among younger caregivers,

s ≤ .01. Across all ages, lacking family support was associated with poorer self-reported physical health (

= -2.13, 95% CI -4.33–0.07,

<.05), but more regulated α-amylase patterns (

 2.51, 95% CI 0.83-4.19,

<.01). Financial strain related to regulated cortisol levels only among older caregiverpatterns among younger caregivers, ps ≤ .01. Across all ages, lacking family support was associated with poorer self-reported physical health (B= -2.13, 95% CI -4.33–0.07, p less then .05), but more regulated α-amylase patterns (B = 2.51, 95% CI 0.83-4.19, p less then .01). Financial strain related to regulated cortisol levels only among older caregivers (B = 5.07, 95% CI 0.58-9.57, p = .03) and more regulated α-amylase patterns across all ages (B= -25.81, 95% CI -48.72–2.90, p less then .05). Conclusion Findings suggest that specific sources of caregiver stress manifest in health outcomes distinctly by age, and support the need for targeted psychosocial interventions for cancer caregivers.Executive function (EF) impacts behavior associated with health outcomes. EF can be measured using self-report and/or performance measures, but the correlations between these types of measures are mixed in the extant literature. This study examined self-report and performance-based measures of EF using data from 6 studies, including community and clinical populations (410 participants, ages 19-80, 71% female). Partial correlations revealed significant relationships between performance on the Trail making, Delay Discounting, and Stop Signal tasks with self-reported EF (p less then .006 after controlling for age). Mood scores were significantly related to all self-reported domains of EF (p less then .0001), and mood and EF scores were correlated over time. VVD-214 solubility dmso When also controlling for mood, correlations between delay discounting and stop signal tasks with self-reported EF remained significant (p less then .006). Finally, examining EF scores in participants with and without clinically elevated mood scores showed a wider distribution of self-reported EF scores among those with clinically elevated mood symptoms than among those without. We conclude that self-reported EF is associated with tasks measuring delay discounting and response inhibition in our large, heterogenous population and that assessing EF may be particularly important for those with high levels of mood symptoms.

Osteoarthritis is a common inflammatory disorder with no disease-modifying therapies. Whether inhibition of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) can reduce the consequences of large joint osteoarthritis is unclear.

To determine whether IL-1β inhibition with canakinumab reduces incident total hip or knee replacement (THR/TKR).

Exploratory analysis of a randomized trial. (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01327846).

1091 clinical sites in 39 countries.

10061 CANTOS (Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study) participants.

Random allocation to placebo or canakinumab (50, 150, or 300 mg) subcutaneously once every 3 months.

The primary and secondary outcomes were time to first incident THR/TKR and time to first occurrence of an osteoarthritis-related adverse event (AE). Data were obtained through blinded ascertainment of trial clinical and safety databases.

Median follow-up was 3.7 years. For the individual canakinumab dose groups, compared with placebo, hazard ratios (HRs) for incident THR/TKR during follow-up were 0.