BACKGROUND Mycobacterium abscessus infection has been associated with variable outcomes following lung transplantation. M abscessus comprises three subspecies (M abscessus subsp abscessus, M abscessus subsp massiliense, and M abscessus subsp bolletii). We investigated whether lung transplantation outcome in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients in a single center was related to the M abscessus subspecies and genetic cluster. METHODS CF patients with chronic M abscessus infection transplanted at Great Ormond Street Hospital between 2004 and 2017 were retrospectively examined. All M abscessus isolates were identified to subspecies level by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Genetic cluster was determined by variable number tandem repeat profiling and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and sequence type inferred from WGS. RESULTS Thirteen patients with chronic M abscessus infection underwent heart/lung or lung transplantation. Subspecies identification showed n = 1 with M abscessus bolletii, n = 5 with M abscessus massiliense, and n = 7 with M abscessus abscessus infection. Eight (62%) patients (one with M abscessus massiliense and seven with M abscessus abscessus) died post-lung transplant. The patient with M abscessus bolletii and three patients with M abscessus massiliense did well post-transplant. One patient with M abscessus massiliense is receiving ongoing treatment. CONCLUSIONS Dramatically worse outcomes are observed in patients infected with M abscessus subspecies abscessus, the majority of whom were infected with ST-1 and ST-26 strains. Patients infected with other M abcsessus strains can have acceptable outcomes. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.This study evaluated the stability of continuous chelation mixtures of clodronate admixed with sodium hypochlorite at room temperature (23°C), at root canal temperature (34-35°C) and in refrigerated storage (2-4°C). In continuous chelation, one solution containing a chelator and sodium hypochlorite simultaneously disinfects and removes organic matter and smear layer. This technique is thought to enhance antimicrobial action and debris removal. However, hypochlorite stability and free available chlorine (FAC) levels may decline with elevated temperature and through chemical interactions with the chelator, thus reducing the therapeutic window of these mixtures. Employing iodometric titration, the FAC for clodronate-hypochlorite mixtures was measured at 34-35°C, 23°C and 2-4°C. Clodronate-hypochlorite solutions were stable for 180 min at 34-35°C. When kept at 2-4°C over 3 months, they maintain 95% of the FAC compared with baseline. It was concluded that the therapeutic window of clodronate-hypochlorite mixtures is unaffected at root canal temperature. © 2020 Australian Society of Endodontology Inc.This study set out to identify the presence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in animals geographically located in Mexico. BIV was first discovered in the United States in a dairy cow with persistent lymphocytosis, lymphoid hyperplasia and lymphocytic encephalitis. Many studies indicate that BIV infection is globally distributed, but its presence in Mexico remains unknown. We collected 1,168 heparinized blood samples from cattle in ten states across the Mexican Republic, then separated plasma using centrifugation and tested for antibodies against BIV. We used an indirect ELISA based on the use of a synthetic peptide derived from transmembrane glycoprotein (gp45/TM). In order to identify the viral genome, we designed a synthetic gene as a PCR control, as well as a pair of oligonucleotides for amplifying a 519 bp product of the env gene which encodes the surface protein. Positive amplicons were purified and subjected to nucleotide sequencing. A total of 189 (28.94%) tested plasma samples suggest the presence of specific anti-BIV antibodies in all states studied except for Chiapas. Additionally, PCR results identified six positive cows in the states of Puebla and Coahuila. BIV in these cows was confirmed via nucleotide sequencing and in silico analysis of these samples. This is the first report of the presence of BIV in Mexican cattle. VU0463271 chemical structure © 2020 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.In large, the documentation of singlet fission (SF) is showcased in examples involving polyacenes and polyenes. SF has been hitherto studied in depth, on one hand, in solids and, on the other hand, in solutions, in which cases covalent bridges are required to link two or more chromophores. Going beyond polyacenes and polyenes is driven by exploring new classes of SF-materials. Herein, we present a new class of SF-materials based on diradicaloids of carbene scaffolds, namely cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbenes (CAACs). Our modular approach allows for tuning two key SF-criteria the steric factor and the diradical character. In turn, we modified the energy landscapes of excited states in a systematic manner to accommodate the needs for SF. We report the first example on intermolecular SF in solutions for CAAC dimers formed via self-assembly at cryogenic temperatures. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.The aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of direct pulp capping performed with two types of tricalcium silicate-based materials (mineral trioxide aggregate/MTA and Biodentine/BD); nano-hydroxyapatite (nHAP) crystals or calcium hydroxide (CH) in dogs. Following mechanical exposure, the pulps were randomly capped with one of the four materials. Histological analyses were performed to examine the outcomes after 7 days or 3 months. At 7 days, BD and nHAP showed significantly less inflammatory cell response than MTA and CH. At 3 months, the inflammatory cell response and tissue necrosis were significantly higher in the CH group. There was no significant difference between the tested materials in the calcific bridge formation after 7 days; however, a significant difference was noticed at the 3-month period. Tricalcium silicate-based cements and nHAP are potential alternatives to CH in vital pulp therapy following accidental pulp exposure. © 2020 Australian Society of Endodontology Inc.