SIGNIFICANCE The significance of this study was the optimization of an affordable straightforward gel-free proteomic approach addressing the differentiation of the muscle sub-proteome of normal and high pHu meat samples. This strategy allowed the study of tryptic peptides from direct meat protein extracts by combining untargeted MS1 and targeted SRM quantitative assays performed by conventional LC-MS detection. Affordability, simplicity and robustness of this methodology can facilitate its readily implementation in routine protocols for quality assessment of meat.Wing discs of Bombyx mori (B. mori) are transformed into wings during metamorphosis via dramatic morphological and structural changes. Mutations in genes related to the wings cause the adults to have altered wing shapes or abnormal wing colour. At present, there are more than 20 wing mutants recorded in the silkworm. However, the key factors that influence B. mori wing development are still unclear. Here, we used the strains +Wes/+Wes and Wes/+Wes that are typical for the normal wing and shriveled wing phenotypes, respectively, to identify differentially expressed proteins by label-free data-independent acquisition (DIA). Ten enriched GO terms and 9 KEGG pathways were identified based on the 3993 proteins in the wings. Among the identified and quantified proteins, 370 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were detected (P-value  0.58). Mapping of the DEPs to the reference canonical pathways in KEGG showed that the top 20% of the pathways were related to fatty acid, cutin, suberin and wax biosynthesis, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, protein export, etc. Of the 370 DEPs, 238 were down-regulated, and 132 were up-regulated of Wes/+Wes compared with +Wes/+Wes. Numerous cuticular proteins were down-regulated, and fatty metabolism enzymes were up-regulated, in Wes/+Wes compared with +Wes/+Wes. SIGNIFICANCE The comparative analysis of proteomes suggested that cuticular proteins and fatty metabolism enzymes are the main abnormally expressed proteins in the pupal wings of Wes/+Wes, leading to curly and shrunken wings after moth transformation. Our results also identify the substances affecting the development of silkworm wings from the perspective of proteins. The information from this study is important for further research on the molecular mechanisms of wing development in lepidopteran insects, and these differentially expressed genes may be targets for Lepidoptera pest control.

There is limited data on fast gait speed and spatial-temporal parameters across age groups among Asian adults, and the associations between upper and lower extremity muscle strength with gait.

What values characterise fast gait spatiotemporal parameters across the age groups of an Asian population? Are hand grip strength (HGS) and knee extension strength (KES) associated with fast gait speed and spatiotemporal parameters?

Healthy community-living adults between 21-90 years (n = 487) were recruited. Fast gait was assessed using a 6 m instrumented walkway, and spatiotemporal parameters including variability for fast gait speed, stride length, stride width, stride time, stance time, swing time, single support time and double support time were analysed. Maximum HGS and KES were also assessed. Linear regression modelling was used to explore the association of HGS and KES with fast gait speed, spatiotemporal parameters and their variability.

Age reduced fast gait speed and stride length, but increased stride width, stance time, stride time and double support time. Age increased all investigated gait variabilities except stride width variability. Gender differences were observed for all gait features except for fast gait speed and double support time. Both HGS and KES were positively associated with fast gait speed in both young and old adults. KES was positively associated with spatiotemporal variations in stride length, stride time, stance time and double support time. HGS was also significantly associated with two additional temporal parameters – positively with swing time and negatively with double support time variability.

The data from this study contributes to reference values database for the use of fast gait assessments in adults.

The data from this study contributes to reference values database for the use of fast gait assessments in adults.

Kinematic parameters of the trunk, pelvis and lower limbs are frequently associated with both running injuries and performance, and the target of clinical interventions. Currently there is limited evidence reporting the between-day repeatability of discrete kinematic parameters of the trunk, pelvis and lower limbs during treadmill running.

What is the between-day repeatability, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change of discrete kinematic parameters of the trunk, pelvis and lower limbs during treadmill running?

16 healthy participants attended two kinematic data collection sessions two weeks apart. Three-dimensional kinematic data were collected while participants ran on a motorised treadmill at 3.2 m/s. The interclass correlation coefficient, standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change were calculated for discrete kinematic parameters at initial contact, toe off, peak angles and joint excursions during the stance phase of running.

Good to excellent repeatability wint error and minimal detectable change for discrete kinematic parameters of the trunk and pelvis during treadmill running. selleck chemicals The reported values may provide a useful reference point for future studies investigating between-day differences in running kinematics.

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) results in distal muscle weakness that leads to gait difficulties in both the stance and swing phases, thus limiting function in the community. A primary purpose of ankle foot orthoses (AFOs) is to improve gait function; however, little is known about what AFOs are prescribed and how they benefit children with CMT.

To determine the impact of previously prescribed AFOs on gait in children with CMT using comprehensive gait analysis techniques.

We examined strength, passive range of motion and gait (kinematics, kinetics and temporal-spatial) for barefoot and AFO walking on 15 children with a diagnosis of CMT. Participants used their prescribed AFOs, the design of which varied depending on the patient. Comparisons between barefoot and AFO walking were completed for selected ankle, knee and hip kinematics and kinetics and temporal-spatial parameters. Subgroups were also evaluated based upon specific ankle kinematics relevant to AFO prescription.

AFOs resulted in increased walking velocity (0.