We investigate the effects of an increase in the production of secondary electrons when a β-source commonly used in internal radionuclide therapy,67Cu, is radiolabelled to a Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle (SPION), with specific emphasis on the role of SPION cluster size and geometry. A positive relationship is found between the degree to which the nanoparticles are clustered and the associated radio-enhancement effects, with cluster population size playing a major role, as well as SPION separation within a cluster and the distance between clusters. Our simulation results indicate that SPIONs labelled with67Cu can induce a nonlinear amplification in the number of secondary electrons produced of up to 4% in bulk, with localised regions of nearer inter-SPION separation producing an increase of over 400% for a 20 nm average SPION separation. Selleck RMC-6236 Such variation in enhancement due to local concentration effects may help identify clinical strategies that enhance efficacy for a given radiation dosage, or achieve equal efficacy with reduced radiation dosage. © 2020 Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.We reveal early stages of self-organization of nanopatterns created by 2 keV Cs+ion-beam irradiation of a Si surface coated with Au and a Ti adhesion layer. After ion-beam etching of the metallic layers, at normal incidence, we first observe distinct transient stages (I) a dewetting-like pattern of grooves in the Si amorphized layer, sparsely populated with holes, followed by (II) the coexistence of rounded mounds and faceted holes distributed on a flat surface, the latter being an indication of the decisive role played by the crystalline/amorphous interface. Subsequently, the system evolves to stage III, a nanopattern of densely packed nanodots convoluted with a long-wavelength surface corrugation. A momentum-space analysis shows that stages (I) and (II) are identified, respectively, with channel-type and sphere-type quasi order. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Bimetallic Ag and Cu (11 wt %) NPs were synthesized and annealed at various temperatures from 400, 600 and 800 ˚C using chemical reduction techniques. High temperature annealed (800˚C) AgCu sample ratios (5 and 10 wt %) were used as dopant to MoS2. A variety of characterizations were employed to evaluate annealed and doped samples. XRD technique revealed that synthesized samples constitute FCC phase, and a gradual decrease in crystallite size corresponds to improved crystallinity upon heating and doping onto MoS2. FTIR was used for confirmation of functional groups in the products. The particle sizes of heated samples were less than 50 nm and presence of nanosheets in the doped MoS2 were confirmed using FESEM and TEM analysis. An increase in absorption was observed in bimetallic with increasing temperatures while band gap energy decreased. The vibrational property of bimetallic and doped MoS2 atomic layers was studied using Raman. Antimicrobial activity of prepared products was tested on MRSA-superbug with ciprofloxacin antibiotic as reference drug. Furthermore, molecular docking studies employed to unveil the binding interaction pattern of nanoparticle into the active pocket of β-lactamase enzyme suggested it to be a potential inhibitor that can be further evaluated for its enzyme inhibition characteristics. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Owing to the fascinating properties of two dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides and stability of ZIF-8 as the subclass of metal organic frameworks (MOFs), we propose a Mo-based MOFs material C48S36Mo6containing organic ligands [C16S12]8-connecting to each other by Mo4+metal ions. We reveal heavy-fermion-like electronic behaviour that results from highly localized impurity-like Mo-d electrons and tiny energy difference ( less then 0.4 meV/atom) between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic state, using the generalized gradient approximation and its combination with Coulomb correlation U. Considering thermal fluctuation and weak magnetic exchange energy, C48S36Mo6is a nonmagnetic metal at room temperature, and magnetic insulator at low temperature with a correlation-driven metal-nsulator transition. Our Wannier functions analysis indicates that topological properties of energy bands around the Fermi level can be perturbed by correlation U, leading to moving of close nodal lines in three dimensional momentum space. Further introducing of spin-orbit coupling opens a small inverted energy gap of 3 meV at original nodal line due to bulk inversion symmetry. If a gate voltage of 48 meV is applied, the Fermi level will fall into the small energy gap of band inversion, and the system will realize a phase transition from Kondo metal to topological Kondo insulator. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Here, we report on the fabrication and use of silver (Ag) nanoparticle (NP) decorated TiO2 nanowire (NW)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) thin film (TF) heterostructure as a UV detector using a controlled method called glancing angle deposition technique. The transmission electron microscope images show Ag NPs (size 7-13 nm) covering over the entire surface of TiO2 NWs. A high absorption as well as photoluminescence for Ag NP-TiO2 NW/RGO TF sample reveals generation of large number of electron-hole pairs as compared to bare TiO2 NW. The resulting plasmonic UV photodetector from the Ag NP-TiO2 NW/RGO TF exhibits a rectification ratio of 5039 (+10 V) and responsivity of 1760 A/W at 350 nm light (power density as low as 0.58 µW/cm2). Moreover, the device show fast response speed (rise time of 157 ms and fall time of 488 ms) with detectivity and noise equivalent power of 6.659×1013 Jones and 51 fW, respectively. The enhanced plasmonic field, high scattering of light along with high mobility RGO layer at the bottom results in superior performance of the device. © 2020 IOP Publishing Ltd.Electrochemical water splitting represents an ideal strategy for producing clean hydrogen as an energy carrier that serves as an alternative to fossil fuels. As an effective method for hydrogen production, an efficient inexpensive multifunctional electrocatalyst with high durability is designed. Herein, we describe the heterostructural design of a three-dimensional catalytic network with self-embedded CoNi2S4 nanograins grown on electrospun carbon nanofibers (CoNi2S4-CNFs) with anchored thin-layer reduced graphene oxide. This is achieved via facile electrospinning followed by carbonization, low temperature sulfidation, and surface functionalization. As a bifunctional catalyst, CoNi2S4-CNFs exhibited robust high activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline medium. The anchored ultrathin graphene oxide layer promoted the stability and durability of the catalytic network with an efficient path for the transportation of electrons. The rGO-anchored CoNi2S4-CNFs yielded overpotential values of 228 mV and 205 mV for the HER and OER, respectively, that drive a current density of 20 mA cm-2 in an alkaline medium.