Irradiation of the adjacent critical structures is inevitable in breast cancer radiotherapy (RT). Our purpose is to assess the dose distribution across the breast tissue and adjacent organs with our institutional asymmetric technique for left-sided breast cancer compared to the standard tangential wedged beam (TWB) and electron-boosted TWB techniques.

The three RT planning were created for 30 consecutive patients with a focus on proper coverage of the planning target volume (PTV). The irritated doses into the heart, ipsilateral lung, and left anterior descending artery (LAD) were evaluated.

No significant difference was found in the mean values of relative PTV irradiated to 47.5 Gy, PTV dose and the volume of PTV, and critical organs between the treatments. The mean dose (Dmean) irradiated to the heart and LAD was lowest with the electron-boosted TWB. The Dmean to the heart was comparable between the TWB and asymmetric RT techniques, while the Dmean to LAD was significantly reduced with asymmetric technique versus TWB. The heart volume receiving ≥25 Gy and the Dmean to the left lung were significantly decreased with the asymmetric technique compared with TWB. The mean relative lung volume irradiated to ≥20 Gy was comparable between all techniques. The mean central lung distance was also significantly increased from 18.03 ± 4.5 cm with asymmetric RT to 37.47 ± 5.6 cm with TWB and to 27.67 ± 3.8 cm with electron-boosted TWB techniques.

The asymmetric technique is useful for patients with breast cancer on the left side, having acceptable PTV coverage and considerably reduced cardiopulmonary doses.

The asymmetric technique is useful for patients with breast cancer on the left side, having acceptable PTV coverage and considerably reduced cardiopulmonary doses.

Enterically transmitted viral agents like Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E virus (HEV) are common causes of viral hepatitis in developing countries. Double infections by both agents, as their routes of entry are similar, are common. Overall this is a major health issue for our country. This study was carried out to learn about the seroprevalence of HAV & HEV (and double infections if any) infections in acute viral hepatitis (AVH) cases attending our hospital.

This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of a 2-years duration carried out in the serology lab of Dept. of Microbiology, AIIMS Rishikesh. Continuously collected samples totaling 617 cases, presenting with Acute Viral Hepatitis was included in the study. Cases with suggestive history were tested for IgM anti-HAV and IgM anti-HEVrespectively. Commercially available ELISA kits were put into use. Standard Statistical Package (SPSS 23) was put to use for statistical analysis.

HAV & HEV seroprevalence in AVH cases were found to be 14.rms of the need for regular screening of HEV in pregnant women as well as the urgent need to improve hygiene amongst the population. This data will help in future vaccine strategies and sanitation programs in this part of the country.

The estimation of relationship between the arm span and the standing height has been an important tool in anthropometric measurements especially in cases where direct measurement of stature is not possible.

To find the relationship between the arm-span and the standing height of both males and females in the population of Khasi tribal population of Meghalaya.

The study involved 400 numbers (272 males and 128 females) of healthy human volunteer subjects belonging to Khasi tribe of Meghalaya. The standing height and arm-span were measured for each individual and analyzed.

Of the 400 healthy volunteers, 272 (68%) were males and 128 (32%) were females with age ranged from 25 to 45 years. Height and arm span in males (159.68 ± 4.12 cm and 166.30 ± 4.27 cm, respectively) werefound to be significantly (

< 0.001) higher than females (149.96 ± 3.04 cm and 155.77 ± 3.13 cm respectively). The Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between height (cm) and arm span (cm) showed significant positive correlation in both male (r = 0.988,

< 0.001) and female (r = 0.991,

< 0.001) study subjects. Methotrexate cost The regression equation was Height = 1.060 + 0.954 (Arm span); R2 = 0.976; SEE = 0.646 for male. For female subjects the regression equation was found as Height = 0.150 + 0.962 (Arm span); R2 = 0.983; SEE = 0.400.

Arm-span can be used as one of the most reliable parameter in both males and females for obtaining the stature of an individual in alternative to the height.

Arm-span can be used as one of the most reliable parameter in both males and females for obtaining the stature of an individual in alternative to the height.

Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy accounts for maternal morbidity and mortality globally.

We conducted this study to know the demographic profile and risk factors pertaining to lifestyle and behavioral aspects for hypertension among the pregnant women.

It was a hospital-based cross-sectional study. During the routine antenatal checkups, those antenatal cases found hypertensive, were included in the study after taking written consent. A semi-structured questionnaire was prepared and pretested before conducting the actual study. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS (version 17) software. Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics were described using descriptive statistics. Results are presented using graphs, tables, mean, percentages, standard deviation, frequency, and significance.

We observed that most of the study subjects 110 (48.9%) were educated up to secondary level followed by primary level 47 (20.9%) while 25 (11.1%) of the subjects were illiterate. We also found that 113 (50.2%) of thes through education and counseling to the pregnant ladies, at the primary care level by family physicians or primary care physicians which will reduce maternal mortality to a great extent.

It is possible to prevent PIH by eliminating behavioral risk factors through education and counseling to the pregnant ladies, at the primary care level by family physicians or primary care physicians which will reduce maternal mortality to a great extent.